A simple model for SmS

A simple model based on the resonant scattering theory can explain the first-order semiconductor-to-metal transition accompanied by a change of valency in SmS.     

Noisy nonlinear coupled equations—Some new insights

We discuss the use of coupled nonlinear stochastic differential equations to model the dynamics of complex systems, and present some analytical insights into their critical behaviour. These concern in particular the role of infrared divergences which show up in a self-consistent resummation of perturbation theory (mode-coupling approximation), and their effects on critical exponents obtained in earlier work.     

Modified No-hair Conjecture and the Limiting Process

It is argued that the Schwarzschild black hole solution follows as a unique limit of the Brans-Dicke Class I solutions, provided the correct iterated limit is taken. Such a uniqueness is essential for the validity of a recent version of the no-hair conjecture. A non-trivial modification to this version is proposed in order to exclude Brans-Dicke Class IV solutions which appear to represent scalar hair black holes in general.     

A possible mechanism of cold fusion

A possible mechanism for the occurrence of nuclear fusion at room temperature is presented. Neutralization of the positive charge of the deuteron nucleus by its orbiting electron due to large enhancement of effective mass results in the vanishing of the Coulomb barrier which facilitates fusion at room temperature.     

Synthesis,electrochemistry and thermal studies of fluoro and imidazole complexes of copper(II)

Complexes of the (H2Im)4[CuF6], (H2Im)2[CuF4(H2O)2] type (H2Im=imidazolium cation) and Cu(HIm)4X2 (X=Cl or Br; HIm=imidazole) have been prepared in aqueous solution by the interaction of CuO·nH2O with the respective halide in the presence of imidazole. Formation of a particular complex species has been shown to be dependent on the reaction solution pH and also on the nature of the halide. The complexes were characterised on the basis of FT-i.r., u.v.–vis. and e.s.r. spectroscopy and by measurement of magnetic susceptibilities and solution electrical conductivities. Cyclic voltammetry revealed a two-peak quasi-reversible response for [Cu(HIm)4Br2], while other complexes produced overall irreversible voltammographs. Thermal decomposition profiles are consistent with the proposed formulations.     

Synthesis of polyphenylene ether and thioether ketones

The known polymerization of 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone (DFB) with the dianion of hydroquinone to poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and polymerization of either DFB with the dianion of 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone or self polycondensation of the anion of 4-hydroxy-4′-fluoro-benzophenone to poly(phenylene ether ketone) (PEK) were studied in N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (CHP), which is a high-boiling aprotic polar solvent. The formation of high-molecular weight PEEK and PEK in this solvent was very efficient. The reactivity in CHP can be ascribed to effective solvation of metal ions rendering the anion very reactive toward nucleophilic substitution. The polymerization was extended to 4,4′-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)diphenyl ether and 1,4-bis[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenoxy]benzene to give a high molecular weight polymer with PEK and PEEK repeating units and PEEK respectively. The polymerization of DFB with purified anhydrous sodium sulfide in CHP gave rapidly a high molecular weight poly(phenylene ketone sulfide) (PKS). In contrast, diphenyl sulfone (DPS) was not very effective in obtaining such a high molecular weight PKS even with prolonged heating, which suggests the uniqueness of CHP in promoting a high degree of polymerization.     

Reissert compound studies. XXXIV. Base-catalyzed reactions of the phthalazine reissert compound

The phthalazine Reissert compound has been used to convert phthalazine to 1-benzylphthalazines, bisbenzylphthalazines, 1,4-disubstituted phthalazines, 1-cyanophthalazine, and a number of other phthalazine derivatives including the tricyclic compound 14 .     

EFFECT OF PHOTOSELECTION UPON SATURATION AND THE DICHROIC RATIO IN FLASH EXPERIMENTS UPON EFFECTIVELY IMMOBILIZED SYSTEMS

Abstract— Flash spectroscopy of photochemical or photobiological systems, such as bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane, for which the chromophore transition dipole moment does not undergo complete reorientation during the time of the flash, is considered as a function of light intensity. Due to photoselection, saturation proceeds very slowly with increasing flash intensity and the linear dichroic ratio decays rapidly from a maximum of three at zero flash intensity. Simple formulae are derived to describe these effects under stringent assumptions. Calculations are also performed which relax the assumptions by taking into account (i) non-zero optical density, (ii) thermal decay of the photoproduct during the flash and (iii) non-zero angle y between the initial chromophore and its photoproduct. Agreement with experiments on bacteriorhodopsin in purple membranes is excellent.