pH对血清影响的^1H NMR研究

维持血液的pH在7.35～7.45范围内,是生命的基本需要.人体生理状态的改变往往会伴随或者引发血液pH的变化.本文通过扩散加权、横向弛豫加权以及饱和转移差谱等1H NMR方法,对pH 7.0～7.8的血清体系进行研究,观察其中大分子和小分子代谢物的变化.实验结果表明pH的改变不仅能够引起血清中一些小分子代谢物化学位移的改变,还会影响小分子代谢物与蛋白的相互作用,引起这些小分子结合态和游离态含量的变化.此外,没有观察到血清蛋白信号的明显变化,仅血清白蛋白赖氨酰信号随pH增高有高场位移.     

Monte Carlo simulation of glandular dose in a dedicated breast CT system

A dedicated breast CT system (DBCT) is a new method for breast cancer detection proposed in recent years. In this paper, the glandular dose in the DBCT is simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The phantom shape is half ellipsoid, and a series of phantoms with different sizes, shapes and compositions were constructed. In order to optimize the spectra, monoenergy X-ray beams of 5-80 keV were used in simulation. The dose distribution of a breast phantom was studied: a higher energy beam generated more uniform distribution, and the outer parts got more dose than the inner parts. For polyenergtic spectra, four spectra of Al filters with different thicknesses were simulated, and the polyenergtic glandular dose was calculated as a spectral weighted combination of the monoenergetic dose.     

The influence of Eu3+ doping on photoluminescent properties of red emitting phosphor YInGe2O7:Eu3+ by microwave assisted and conventional sintering method

This paper describes an investigation of the crystalline morphology and photoluminescent properties of YInGe₂O₇ powders doped with different Eu³⁺ concentrations using microwave assisted sintering and conventional sintering. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of monoclinic YInGe₂O₇ structure as YInGe₂O₇:Eu³⁺ powders were sintered at 1200 °C in microwave furnace for 1 h, and the raw material phase of Y₂O₃ was observed when Eu³⁺ concentration was below 30 mol%. Scanning electron microscopy showed microwave assisted sintering results in smaller particle size and more uniform grain size distribution. In the photoluminescent (PL) studies, the concentration quenching effect was observed under the excitation at 393 nm, but not under the excitation at CTS band. The ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition (620 nm), exhibits a non-exponential decay behavior as YInGe₂O₇:Eu³⁺ powders were sintered by microwave with the Eu³⁺ concentration higher than 50 mol%.     

光声内窥镜系统在人体直肠癌离体组织中的实验研究

研制了基于4阵列传感器的光声内窥镜探头,并基于此搭建了光声内窥镜成像系统,开展了仿体实验成像研究,通过内窥镜探头4个阵元位置激光吸收强度的变化情况来分析仿体中吸收体的位置,论证了其定位能力,利用光声内窥镜系统对人体离体的正常组织、直肠癌早期组织进行成像研究;通过对不同阵元位置的光吸收强度分布进行统计分析,证明了光声内窥镜对早期直肠癌组织和正常组织的辨别能力,此项技术有望提高直肠癌早期诊断的准确率,具有潜在的临床应用前景。     

HR-ICP-MS研究丰水期黄河甘宁蒙段过滤水和悬浮物中重金属的含量特征和污染评价

为研究黄河甘宁蒙段丰水期过滤水和悬浮物中重金属的含量特征及污染状况,采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HR-ICP-MS)对黄河甘宁蒙段昭君浮桥 (S1)、包头浮桥(S2)等10个采样点过滤水中六种重金属(Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Cu和Zn)及悬浮物中九种重金属(Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, V, Co, Zn和Mn)的含量特征、污染评价和源分析进行研究。结果表明：(1)过滤水中只有Cr元素含量在所有采样点超出《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002) 的标准限值,且在10个采样点中均为最高(74.8～94.7 μg·L-1);单因子指数(I_i)评价结果表明除包头浮桥(S2)未受总氮(TN)污染外,其余采样点水质均受Cr元素和TN污染;内梅罗综合指数法(I)得出所有采样点的I值均在1～2之间(轻污染程度),表明黄河甘宁蒙段水质,尤其是下游段(S1～S6)已不是生活饮用水、水产养殖等的理想水源。(2)悬浮物中Ni含量(34.7 μg·L-1) 只在玛曲点(S10)低于中国土壤元素背景值(35.2 μg·L-1),在其余点均高于背景值,而其余八种元素在10个采样点的含量均高于背景值;地累积指数法(I_geo)结果表明九种元素中Cd元素的I_geo值(0.452～2.89)在10个采样点中均为最高值,且在昭君浮桥(S1)、包头浮桥(S2)、乌海(S5)和东大沟入黄河口(S8)这四个采样点处达到中污染-重污染程度,其余八种元素在各采样点的I_geo值均小于1,为无污染或无污染-中污染程度。研究结果为全面研究该流域重金属分布、迁移及有效保护提供可信的实验数据。     

Influence of thermal annealing duration of buffer layer on the crystalline quality of In0.82Ga0.18As grown on InP substrate by LP-MOCVD

In_0.82Ga_0.18As epilayers were grown on InP substrates using a two-step growth technique by LP-MOCVD. A homogeneous low-temperature (450 °C) In_0.82Ga_0.18As buffer layer was introduced to improve the crystalline quality of epilayers. The influence of low-temperature buffer layer deposition condition, such as thermal annealing duration, on the crystalline quality of the In_0.82Ga_0.18As epilayer was investigated. Double-crystal X-ray diffraction measurement, Hall measurement, and Raman scattering spectrum were used to evaluate the In_0.82Ga_0.18As epilayers. Atomic force microscope was used to study the surface morphology. It is found that the In_0.82Ga_0.18As epilayer, with buffer layer thermal annealing for 5 min, exhibits the best crystalline quality. The change of the surface morphology of the buffer layer after thermal annealing treatment was suggested to explain the phenomenon.     

Novel red perovskite phosphor Ca2AlNbO6:Eu for white light-emitting diode application

Eu³⁺-doped perovskite phosphors of Ca₂AlNbO₆ were synthesized from a solid state reaction. A small amount of the Li₂CO₃ flux was found to greatly shorten calcination time and reduce reaction temperature. The structural and optical properties of the samples were systematically investigated. The excitation spectra of Ca₂AlNbO₆:Eu³⁺ reveal two excitation bands at 398 (⁷F₀→⁵L₆) and 466 nm (⁷F₀→⁵D₂), which match well with the two popular emissions from near-UV and blue LED chips. Under blue light excitation, the red emission of Ca₂AlNbO₆:0.05Eu³⁺ is twice more intense than that of (Y_0.95Eu_0.05)₂O₃. The chromaticity coordinates of (Ca_0.95Eu_0.05)₂AlNbO₆ (x=0.654, y=0.346) are close to the standard values (x=0.670, y=0.330) of National Television Standard Committee (NTSC). The optical properties suggest that Ca₂AlNbO₆:Eu³⁺ is an efficient red-emitting phosphor for light-emitting diode applications.     

硅单粒子位移损伤多尺度模拟研究

本文结合分子动力学方法和动力学蒙特卡罗方法, 研究了单个粒子入射硅引起的位移损伤缺陷的产生和演化过程; 基于Shockley-Read-Hall理论计算了单个粒子入射引起的位移损伤缺陷导致的泄漏电流增加及其演化过程, 比较了缺陷退火因子与泄漏电流退火因子之间的差异, 并将计算结果与实验值进行了对比. 结果表明, 计算泄漏电流时, 仅考虑一种缺陷的情况下缺陷退火因子与泄漏电流退火因子相同, 考虑两种缺陷类型情况下二者在数值上有所区别, 但缺陷退火因子仍能在一定程度上反映泄漏电流的退火行为. 分子动力学模拟中采用Stillinger-Weber势函数和Tersoff势函数时缺陷退火因子和泄漏电流退火因子与实验结果一致, 基于Stillinger-Weber势函数的计算结果与实验值更为接近.