B,P掺杂β-Si3N4的电子结构和光学性质研究

运用第一性原理方法, 计算了B, P两种元素单掺杂和共掺杂的β -Si₃N₄材料的电子结构和光学性质. 结果表明: B掺杂体系的稳定性更高, 而P掺杂体系的离子性更强; 单掺和共掺杂均窄化带隙, 且共掺在禁带中引入深能级, 使局域态增强; 单掺杂体系介电函数虚部、吸收谱和能量损失谱各峰均发生红移、幅值减小, 而共掺后介电函数虚部主峰出现蓝移、能量损失峰展宽、高能区电子跃迁大大增强, 且控制共掺杂的B, P比例可获得较低的带电缺陷浓度.     

论地震发生机制

地震发生的物理机理和过程是还没有认识清楚的问题. 此前人们将浅源地震归因于弹性回跳,根据这一观点和岩石实验结果计算得到的地震能量与实际观测结果有很大矛盾,被称之为“热流佯谬”. 中源和深源地震发生在地幔区域,其成因也没有合理的解释. 考虑到地壳和地幔是离散集合态物质体系及其慢动力学运动行为的基本特点,本文根据物理学原理,特别是近年凝聚态物理发展出来的相关新观念,并依据已有观测事实,从新的视角探究地震发生的物理机制. 1) 关于地壳岩石层中的应力分布:在不考虑构造力时,依据万物皆流的流变学原理,原始地壳岩石在自重压强长时间作用下,纵向和横向应力相同,没有差应力. 大地构造力推动岩块滞滑移动挤压断层泥,施加于其他岩块,逐渐传递和积累. 这种附加的横向构造力与原始岩石中应力叠加,形成地壳岩石层中的实时应力. 由于断层泥属于颗粒物质体系,具有与岩石不同的力学特征,其弹性模量比岩石小得多,且随压强而增大,导致构造作用力随深度非线性增大. 给出了地壳中构造应力分布及其变化规律. 2) 关于地壳岩石层强度:地壳岩石的自重会使岩石发生弹性–塑性转变. 通过对弹性–塑性转变深度的计算,并根据实际情况分析,给出了地壳岩石弹性、部分塑性和完全塑性三个区域的典型深度范围. 在部分塑性区,塑性体比例达到约10%以上时,发生塑性连通,这时岩石剪切强度由塑性特征决定. 塑性滑移的等效摩擦系数比脆性破裂小一个数量级以上,致使塑性滑移时岩石剪切强度比脆性破裂小得多. 同时,随深度增大,有多种因素使得岩石剪切屈服强度减小. 另一方面,地震是大范围岩石破坏,破坏必然沿薄弱路径发生. 因此,浅源地震岩石的实际破坏强度必定比通常观测到的岩石剪切强度值低. 给出了地壳岩石平均强度和实际破坏强度典型值随深度的分布规律. 3) 关于地震发生的条件和机制:地震发生必定产生体积膨胀,只有突破阻挡才可膨胀. 地震发生的条件是:大地构造力超过岩石破坏强度、断层边界摩擦力以及所受阻挡力之和. 因此,浅源地震是岩石突破阻挡发生的塑性滑移. 在此基础上提出了浅源地震发生的四种可能模式. 深源地震是冲破阻挡发生的大范围岩块流. 浅源地震和深源地震都是堵塞–解堵塞转变,是解堵塞后岩石层块滑移或流动造成的能量释放. 4) 关于地震能量和临震前兆信息:地震能量即为堵塞–解堵塞转变过程释放的动能. 以实例估算表明,地震岩石滑移动能与使岩块剪切破坏和克服周围摩擦阻力所需做的功相一致,不会出现热流佯谬. 同时指出,通过观测地震发生前构造力的积累过程、局域地区地质变迁以及岩石状态变化等所产生的效应,均可能获得有价值的地震前兆信息. 关键词： 地震发生机制 热流佯谬 地壳岩石应力和强度 堵塞–解堵塞转变     

V高掺杂ZnO最小光学带隙和吸收光谱的第一性原理研究

对于V高掺杂ZnO,当摩尔分数为0.0417—0.0625时,随着掺杂量的增加,吸收光谱出现蓝移减弱和蓝移增强两种不同实验结果均有文献报道.采用密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,构建未掺杂ZnO单胞模型、V高掺杂Zn1-xVxO(x=0.0417,0.0625)两种超胞模型,采用GGA+U方法计算掺杂前后体系的形成能、态密度、分波态密度、磁性和吸收光谱.结果表明,当V的掺杂量(原子含量)为2.083%—3.125%时,随着V掺杂量增加,掺杂体系磁矩增大,磁性增强,并且掺杂体系体积增加,总能量下降,形成能减小,掺杂体系更稳定,同时,掺杂ZnO体系的最小光学带隙增宽,吸收带边向低能级方向移动.上述计算结果与实验结果一致.     

声光调Q纳秒脉冲全光纤超连续谱光源

基于声光调Q技术的纳秒脉冲光纤激光超连续谱光源系统为全光纤结构,使用普通的传能光纤作为超连续谱的产生介质,通过改变泵浦功率和调制频率,可获得不同的超连续谱输出。实验结果表明：泵浦功率越大,调制频率越低,传能光纤越长,光谱展宽越宽。当传能光纤为200 m、调制频率为1 kHz、占空比为1.0%、泵浦功率为4.68 W时,获得谱线宽度超过700 nm的超连续谱输出。该系统可作为超连续谱光源的一种参考方案。     

Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Analytical Spectrometry

Abstract

Dielectric barrier discharge is a nonequilibrium plasma, and its industrial application has been on a large scale. Similarly, its prominent features of high dissociation ability at low working temperature and low power consumption, simple and adjustable configuration, ambient working conditions, and long lifetime are favorable for developing a wide array of analytical devices as well. This review addresses the basics of dielectric barrier discharge and emphasizes their analytical applications in analytical atomic spectrometry, chemiluminescence, gas chromatographic detectors, ion source for mass spectrometry, and ion mobility spectrometry with 103 references.     

A framework for the automated real-time detection of short tonal sounds from ocean observatories

Acquisition of acoustic data from ocean observatories is expected to play a key role for the long-term monitoring of marine mammals and anthropogenic noise. It typically requires processing of a large volume of acoustic data and it must rely on automated identification of signals. We present an algorithmic framework for the detection of short tonal sounds (e.g. cetacean calls, anthropogenic pings) intended to act as a first stage in a system for the automated real-time detection, classification, and localisation of acoustic sources. The algorithm was validated under a diversity of scenarios expected at ocean observatories. Using simulated signals that emulate a variety of cetacean call-types, perfect identification of signal position was obtained for signal to noise ratios of ?15 to ?5 dB, depending on the signal-type. Separation of real-world data segments with short tonal sounds (mainly cetacean calls) from segments with other sounds or noise resulted in Area Under the ROC Curve values between 0.96 and 0.98. The algorithm can be used to automatically identify cetacean calls and anthropogenic short tonal sounds much faster than in real-time, thereby reducing the burden put on data transmission, storage, or processing by classification and localisation algorithms.     

A fault diagnosis scheme of rolling element bearing based on near-field acoustic holography and gray level co-occurrence matrix

Vibration signal analysis is the most widely used technique in condition monitoring or fault diagnosis, whereas in some cases vibration-based diagnosis is restrained because of its contact measurement. Acoustic-based diagnosis (ABD) with non-contact measurement has received little attention, although sound field may contain abundant information related to fault pattern. A new scheme of ABD for rolling element bearing fault diagnosis based on near-field acoustic holography (NAH) and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is presented in this paper. It focuses on applying the distribution information of sound field to bearing fault diagnosis. A series of rolling element bearings with different types of fault are experimentally studied. Sound fields and corresponding acoustic images in different bearing conditions are obtained by fast Fourier transform (FFT) based NAH. GLCM features are extracted for capturing fault pattern information underlying sound fields. The optimal feature subset selected by improved F-score is fed into multi-class support vector machine (SVM) for fault pattern identification. The feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed scheme is demonstrated on the good experimental results and the comparison with the traditional ABD method. Considering test cost, the quantized level and the number of GLCM features for each characteristic frequency is suggested to be 4 and 32, respectively, with the satisfactory accuracy rate 97.5%.     

The Pullback Asymptotic Behavior of the Solutions for 2D Nonautonomous G-Navier-Stokes Equations

The pullback asymptotic behavior of the solutions for 2D Nonautonomous G-Navier-Stokes equations is studied, and the existence of its $L^2$-pullback attractors on some bounded domains with Dirichlet boundary conditions is investigated by using the measure of noncompactness. Then the estimation of the fractal dimensions for the 2D G-Navier-Stokes equations is given.     

Distortion correction for imaging on non-planar surface using freeform lens

The method of designing a freeform lens which can image on a formula describable non-planar surface with low distortion was proposed aimed on distortion correction. In this method, the Snell's law and the correspondence between the coordinates of object and the distortion free image are used to establish the partial differential equation which characterizes the freeform surface, and the partial differential equation can be solved to form the freeform surface. Take projection on spherical surface for example, a freeform lens is designed. After adding this lens to the ordinary projection lens at a certain position, the system (ordinary projection lens and freeform lens) can project an image on sphere with absolute distortion about 2 mm for an observer at half of the projection distance, and the MTF on sphere is analyzed in detail after.     

基于复杂度分析logistic映射和Lorenz模型的研究

采用三次粗粒化方法得到了logistic映射和Lorenz模型的符号序列，运用动态非线性时间序 列分析方法——Lemper-Ziv复杂度，分别对两组符号序列进行了对比分析.对于logistic映 射，其复杂度反映了时间序列的演化；Lorenz模型三个分量的复杂度序列都具有混沌性质， 即由许多振幅非常接近而长度完全不同的循环所组成，反映了Lorenz模型内在的准周期特性 .进一步研究发现，当取不同的窗口长度时，复杂度序列的特征基本相同，并且复杂度反映 了时间序列的时空特性.因此，可以借助复杂度的计算来反演观测资料的动力学结构. 关键词： 三次粗粒化 Lemper-Ziv复杂度 logistic映射 Lorenz模型