Damage and fracture prediction of plastic-bonded explosive by digital image correlation processing

By digital correlation processing of Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images, the paper presents the deformation and damage analysis of an energetic material—the plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) on mesoscopic scale. The analysis is made by observing the deformation field resulted from the digital image correlation (DIC) processing of the images corresponding to the loading steps and comparing with the surface profiles of the composite material so as to visualize the matter damage near a preset crack. The results show that the local deformation disturbance can reveal the material damage even happened underneath the specimen surface. The strain distribution in the front of the preset crack, can be used to predict the propagating route of the microcrack initiated from the tip of the pre-crack, which is related to the splitting fracture of the granular-based composite under compressive loading.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of histone deacetylases inhibitors

Histone deacetylases （HDACs） play an important role in tumorigenesis. Inhibition of HDACs is considered as a potent strategy for cancer therapy. Two lead compounds （ja and jb） were found to have activities against HDACs with IC50 at about 15 μmol/L. Then a new series of hydroximic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized based on them. The HDACs activity assay in vitro found that compounds J04 and ,109 are nearly as potent as the positive control drug Zolinza.     

Comparison Theorems of Kolmogorov Type for Classes Defined by Cyclic Variation Diminishing Operators and Their Application

Presenting a unified approach, we establish a Kolmogorov-type comparison theorem for classes of 2π-periodic functions defined by a special class of operators having certain oscillation properties, which include the classical Sobolev class of 2π-periodic functions, the Achieser class, and the Hardy-Sobolev class as examples. Then, using these results, we prove a Taikov-type inequality, and calculate the exact values of the Kolmogorov, Gel'fand, linear, and information n-widths of these classes of functions in the space L_q, which is the classical Lebesgue integral space of 2π-periodic functions with the usual norm.     

嗜铅菌对水中重金属Pb~(2+)的吸附研究

研究了实验室提供的嗜铅菌对水中铅离子吸附的条件和机理.讨论了吸附时间、pH、铅离子的质量浓度和菌的质量浓度对吸附的影响.结果表明,在pH=7.0、铅离子初始质量浓度为25mg/L、离心湿菌的质量浓度为1.06g/L、吸附时间为60min时,铅离子的吸附率达96.88%;实验条件下超标25倍的含Pb~(2+)废水,可迭排放标准;Pb~(2+)的最大吸附量为150mg/g.数学模型Langmuir和Freundlich方程均能很好地描述嗜铅菌对Pb~(2+)的吸附过程.对Pb~(2+)吸附前后的红外光谱表征表明,嗜铅菌表面多糖、蛋白质的羟基峰和羰基峰均有不同程度的紫移,羟基峰、糖苷峰等峰宽略增,说明菌体吸附,主要是表面基团的作用所致.用原子力显微镜对吸附前后的嗜铅菌检测可见,吸附后菌体的弹性变小、粘性变大、部分茵体有一定的收缩,说明以表面吸附为主的吸附过程,对菌细胞的聚合度有影响,菌体内部对铅也有一定的生物积累.     

An efficient approach to synthesize polysaccharides‐graft‐poly(p‐dioxanone) copolymers as potential drug carriers

Starch and poly(p‐dioxanone) (PPDO) are the natural and synthetic biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, respectively. Their copolymers can find extensive applications in biomedical materials. However, it is very difficult to synthesize starch‐graft‐PPDO copolymers in common organic solvents with very good solubility. In this article, well‐defined polysaccharides‐graft‐poly(p‐dioxanone) (SA_n‐PPDO) copolymers were successfully synthesized via the ring‐opening polymerization of p‐dioxanone (PDO) with an acetylated starch (SA) initiator and a Sn(Oct)₂ catalyst in bulk. The copolymers were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry, and wide angle x‐ray diffraction. The in vitro degradation results showed that the introduction of SA segments into the backbone chains of the copolymers led to an enhancement of the degradation rate, and the degradation rate of SA_n‐PPDO increased with the increase of SA wt %. Microspheres with an average volume diameter of 20 μm, which will have potential applications in controlled release of drugs, were successfully prepared by using these new copolymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5344–5353, 2009     

Phase morphology and mechanical properties of the electrospun polyoxymethylene/polyurethane blend fiber mats

Polyoxymethylene/thermoplastic polyurethane (POM/TPU) blends containing 10–30 wt % of TPU were electrospun using hexafluoroisopropanol as the solvent. The average fiber diameter increases with the increase in TPU content from 0.68 μm for neat POM fibers to 0.92 μm for POM/TPU 7:3 blend fibers due to the increase in solution viscosity. Core/sheath structure with the major component POM as the core and the minor component TPU as the sheath was observed by transmission electron microscopy and further confirmed by surface N contents of the blend fiber mats. The crystalline melting point and the degree of crystallinity of POM have no obvious change by coelectrospinning with TPU due to lack of interaction between POM and TPU as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Tensile tests showed that the unusual high ductility of POM fiber mat could be further increased by coelectrospinning with 10 or 20 wt % TPU without significantly decreasing the stiffness and strength. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1853–1859, 2009     

MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode to mitigate methanol crossover in DMFC

Methanol permeation is one of the key problems for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. It is necessary to change the structure of the cathode of membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Therefore, a novel MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode was prepared in this paper. The double-layered catalyst consists of PtRu black as inner catalyst layer and Pt black as outer catalyst layer. The inner catalyst layer is prepared for oxidation of the methanol permeated from anode. The results indicate that this double-layered catalyst reduced the effects of methanol crossover and assimilated mixed potential losses. The performance of MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode was 52.2 mW cm⁻², which was a remarkable improvement compared with the performance of MEA with traditional cathode. The key factor responsible for the improved performance is the optimization of the electrode structure.     

用Zn/F离子先后注入和热退火法实现ZnO量子点的可控生长

将Zn/F离子先后注入到非晶二氧化硅中并分别在400,600,700 ℃下进行了退火.用光学吸收谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对退火的样品进行分析,发现在600 ℃退火后ZnO量子点已经形成.二次离子质谱仪(SIMS)测试发现在溅射时间为2 s时Si,Zn元素同时出现,说明没有在衬底的表面形成ZnO薄膜.从原子力显微镜(AFM)图像看到有少量的颗粒被蒸发到衬底的表面,说明在衬底的内部形成了ZnO量子点.F离子注入的作用为在衬底的内部形成ZnO量子点提供了O2分子.     

Synthesis of morphological ZnO particles by a facile solution-based chemical method

In this study, a facile solution-based chemical method has been developed to produce ZnO particles in the presence of triethanolamine (TEA) and NaOH. In this novel method, TEA acted as complexing reagents, and NaOH contributed to the transformation of ZnO precursor (Zn–TEA complex) into ZnO particles. The core of this new strategy is to transform Zn–TEA complex into morphological ZnO particles directly by a facile solution method. The results from transmission electron microscope (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis revealed that the morphologies of the as-prepared ZnO samples evolved from slices to quasi-spheres by increasing the amount of TEA. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) tests showed that these ZnO samples had wurtzite structures. A reasonable mechanism for the transformation of Zn–TEA complex into morphological ZnO particles was supplied.