Synthesis and reactivity of 3-(trichlorogermyl)propanoic acid and 3-(triphenylgermyl) propanoic acid

3-(Trichlorogermyl)propanoic acid (la) reacts with phenylmagnesium bromide in malar ratio 1:4 to give 3-(triphenylgermyl)propanoic acid (2a).In the compounds la and 2a theβ-carboxylic functional group shows some unusual properties when they react with excess of phenylmagnesium bromide.The compound la reacts with phenylmagnesium bromide in molar ratio 1:5 to give phenyl 2-(triphenylgermyl)ethylketone (3a) and in molar ratio 1:6 to give l,l-diphenyl-3-(triphenylgermyl)propanol (4a).The compound 2a reacts with phenylmagnesium bromide in molar ratio 1:2 to give 3a and in molar ratio 1:3 to give 4a also.Dehydration of the compound 4a with dilute hydrochloric acid seems especially easy.Moreover,the compound la reacted with phenylmagnsium bromide in molar ratio 1:6,then the mixture was treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to give 1,1-diphenyl-3-(triphenylgermyl)-1-propene (5a) in one pot reaction.Alkyl Ge-C bond in the compound 5a can be cleaved selectively by lithium aluminium hydride ( LiAlH4) in good yiel     

STUDIES OF ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE ON BILIRUBIN FREE RADICALS

The nature of ESR signals derived from bilirubin-Ⅸα has been studied by focusing onthe samples treated with free radical generating and inhibiting systems, i.e. X-XOD, Fe/EDTA, SOD, mannitol/ascorbate, CO, KCN, etc. In all the cases, the stable signals comprisethose originated from semiquinone radical (g = 2.0012) and superoxide free radical (g_∥=2.041, g_⊥= 2.0040). The superoxide is shown binding with certain metal ions chelated bybilirubin. The free radical scavengers are able to destroy these radicals. The kinetic curveof the regeneration of bilirubin radicals has been determined and the reaction follows azero order mechanism. It is likely that both the physiological and toxic actions of bilirubinare related to the characters of its free radicals. Bilirubin is discussed as "active oxygensink" in mammalians.     

USING MEASURING METHOD TO FIND AREA OF ENCLOSED PLANE REGION AND VOLUME OF ENCLOSED SPACE REGION

Two simple methods to calculate the area and volume called improved square gridmethod and cube cutting method are proposed in this paper. For any plane curve orspace surface satisfying certain conditions, by our method, the error of measurement isof the second infinitive order of measuring unit (the side length of the square grid or theside length of the little cube) when the unit is small enough. And when some properties ofthe curve or the surface can be found or its varying bounds can be evaluated, it is pointedout, in order to make the error smaller than any given value, how small the length of themeasuring unit should be.     

Synthesis of micron-sized hollow silica spheres with a novel mesoporous shell of MCF

Micron-sized hollow silica spheres whose shells are made up of mesocellular silica foams(MCFs) have been synthesized by one-pot sol-gel method in benzene/water/P123 emulsion.The material is characterized with SEM,TEM,BET and ~(29)Si MAS NMR. The results show that the MCFs of the unique shell of hollow silica spheres were connected by large windows with a narrow distribution of～10 nm in diameter,the inner space of the hollow sphere is accessible.And the formation mechanism of the hollow silica spheres is ...     

Lukasiewicz n值命题逻辑中命题的真度理论

利用势为 n的均匀概率空间的无穷乘积在 Lukasiewicz n值命题逻辑中引入了公式的真度概念,当3≤n≤17时证明了全体公式的真度值之集在[0,1]上是稠密的,并给出了公式真度的表达通式;利用真度定义了公式间的相似度,进而导出了全体公式集上的一种伪距离,为n值Lukasiewicz命题逻辑系统的近似推理理论提供了一种可能的框架。     

HLS储存环束流发射度研究

 研究了合肥光源(HLS)储存环束流发射度与其长直线节消色散条件之间的关系；在考虑到H函数的匹配时，计算了储存环最低束流发射度；为光源多种运行模式提供了理论依据。     

酞菁化合物LB单分子膜的SERRS

酞菁类化合物具有优良的光电特性,选择适当的取代侧链可得到稳定的LB成膜材料,可望在微电子器件等方面获得重要的应用.本工作观测了四-4-(2,4-二特戊基苯氧基)酞菁铜(CuPc(Dt-PP)_4)在银岛膜上的LB单分子层的表面增强共振拉曼散射(SERRS)光谱。比较其固体粉末的共振拉曼散射(RRS)光谱,讨论了酞菁铜分子大环在载片表面的取向及其可能的原因。1 实验CuPc(Dt-PP)_4样品由陈文启等合成,经元素分析、IR、NMR、色谱等研究确认其结构如图1所示.银岛膜用真空蒸镀法制备在玻璃载片上。用同时蒸镀在铜网上的银膜的透射电     

A Novel Total Synthesis of (±)Shikonin

Shikonin 1 was a key component isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Zicao(Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb.et Zucc), which possesses multiple biological activities1. There have been many synthetic routes to shikonin, however, all these ro…     

One Novel Vanadium-Phosphate Cluster [PV_(2.5)O_(8.5)]-3.83{H_2O} with Three-Dimensional Architecture

A novel vanadium-phosphate compound [PV_2.5O_8.5]·3.83{H_2O}(1)was obtained from the hydrothermal reac-tion and structurally characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction,which exhibited thatthe title complex crystallized in cubic space group I-43m with crystal data:a=1.6115(1)nm,V=4.1848(1)nm~3,Z=12,D_c=1.783 g/cm~3,F(000)=2278,R_1=0.0528,and wR_2=0.1329[I>2σ(I)](all data).The basic unit of{PV_2.5O_8.5}symmetrically extended to closed sphere-like structure of{P_4V_(10)O_(34)},which was further linked to in-terleaving three-dimensional network via sharing four phosphate through μ_3-oxygen atoms around the closedsphere-like structures.     

Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Heterocycles via the Reaction of 3-(1-Hydropolyfluoroalkenyl)-1-oxo-2,4,1-benzoxazines with Dinucleophilic Reagents

The reaction of 3-(1-hydropolyfluoroalkenyl)-1-oxo-2,4,1-benzoxazines 1 with some dinucleophiles was inves-tigated.7-Fluoroalkyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-diazepine[1,2-d]quinazolin-11-ones 2,2-fluoroalkylisoxazolo[3,2-b]quin-azolin-9-ones 3 and 2-fluoroalkylbenzoimidazoles 4 were obtained from the reaction of 1 with 1,2-diaminoethane,hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 1,2-diaminobenzene respectively.