Magnetic moments and the high field susceptibilities of MnFe2O4

An extended version of the noncollinear spin model bySawatzky et al. is developed to derive a dependence of the differential high field susceptibility on the degree of inversion of the ferrite MnFe₂O₄. Using the available data on the main molecular field coefficients it is shown that the present model imposes restrictions on values of. Determination of from the measurements of the field dependence of the saturated moments at low temperatures on samples with varying degrees of inversion reveals good quantitative agreement with the present model.     

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the determination of Viagra and its metabolite (UK-103,320) in human serum

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) was investigated for the determination of Viagra (sildenafil citrate, SC) and its metabolite (UK-103,320) in human serum in a concentration range of clinical interest. For MEKC, human serum samples spiked with SC and UK were obtained directly after elution with methanol from a tC18 cartridge. The extract was evaporated and regenerated in a solution 1 mM of phosphate buffer (pH 12.3) which contained a methanol percentage of 20% that was analyzed using phosphate buffer (pH 12.3, 10 mM) containing 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as separation electrolyte and a fused-silica capillary. This method gave satisfactory interday precision with respect to migration times relative standard deviation (RSD < 1%) and linear responses for the concentration ranges investigated (0.50-3.50 mg L(-1) for the compound SC and 0.90-4.60 mg L(-1) for UK). An intraday RSD (n = 5 graphs) between the slopes of the calibration graphs was acceptable (6.40%) for SC and (3.37%) for UK. A satisfactory interday precision between slopes was also obtained (RSD 4.10% for SC and a RSD 2.72% for UK) which demonstrated the ruggedness of this method. Detection limits (S/N = 3) were about 200 ng/mL for both compounds in human serum. MEKC was shown as a good method with regards to simplicity, precision and sensitivity.     

Extraction of Am(III) in the presence of lanthanides and yttrium by benzyldimethyldodecylammonium nitrate from acidic nitrate solutions

We have investigated the effect of coextraction of lanthanides and yttrium on the distribution coefficients D_Am in the extraction of americium by benzyldimethyldodecylammonium nitrate (BDMLNNO₃) from nitrate solutions. In the coextraction of lanthanides, the extraction of Am(NO₃)₃ is suppressed, which is markedly manifested in the extraction of light lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr); of the series of lanthanides their extraction is the highest. The effect of nitric acid and the possibility of separation of lanthanides and americium by the application of three-stage multiple extraction is discussed.     

Preparation of trout liver microsomes for iron speciation in P-450 enzymes by AE–FPLC with ICP–(ORS)MS detection

Cytochromes P-450 are members of a superfamily of hemoproteins involved in the oxidative metabolism of various physiological and xenobiotic compounds in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The multiplicity of this group of enzymes has been widely studied by chromatographic techniques, mainly high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Because these enzymes are membrane-bound proteins, sample preparation for chromatographic separation of P-450 enzymes requires a solubilization step. The sample-preparation procedures are critical, because detergents affect not only the efficiency of protein solubilization but also their further chromatographic resolution. Trout liver microsomes have been taken here as a model sample to investigate iron speciation in cytochrome P-450. Trouts were treated intraperitoneally with -naphthoflavone, a potent inducer of some P-450 enzymes, and a microsomal suspension containing 7.4±0.1 nmol mL^–1 P-450 enzymes was obtained by ultracentrifugation. Lubrol PX was selected as detergent for solubilization, resulting in about 90% solubilization recovery. The solubilized cytochromes P-450 were further separated by AE–FPLC, with UV detection, or coupled to ICP–MS with an octapole reaction system, ICP–(ORS)MS (monitoring Fe signals at masses 54, 56, and 57). A sampling procedure and chromatographic conditions are developed and were successfully applied to iron speciation in trout liver P-450 enzymes. ICP–(ORS)MS detection of P-450 enzymes is Fe-specific and so will give accurate information on the prosthetic group of the protein, which can constitute an advantageous alternative to classical methods for detection of these hemoproteins.     

A density functional theory study on the electrocyclization of 1,2,4,6-heptatetraene analogues: converting a pericyclic to a pseudopericyclic reaction

A comprehensive B3LYP/6-31+G* study on the electrocyclization of 1,2,4,6-heptatetraene analogues was conducted. Starting from the cyclization of (2Z)-2,4,5-hexatrienal, a pericyclic disrotatory process favored by the assistance of a electron lone pair, we incorporated small modifications in its molecular structure to obtain a truly pseudopericyclic process. To this purpose electronegative atoms (fluorine and nitrogen) were added to give a more electrophilic character on the carbon atom which is attacked by the electron lone pair of the oxygen atom. The complete pathway for each reaction was determined, and changes in magnetic properties were monitored with a view to estimating the aromatization associated with each process. This information, together with the energetic and structural results, allowed us to classify the reactions as pseudopericyclic or pericyclic. Among all studied reactions only one was a truly pseudopericyclic process and another was a borderline case. The features of this unequivocally pseudopericyclic case were analyzed in depth.     

Synthesis of isomeric β-haloethylthienopyrroles

The preparation of ethyl 4-(2-bromoethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate and ethyl 6-(2-bromoethyl)thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate by reaction of t-butyl 2-(2-thienyl)carbazate and t-butyl 2-(3-thienyl)carbazate with ethyl-5-bromo-2-oxopentanoate are described.     

Semiclassical variational study of size effects in neutral and charged jellium droplets

An analytic expression for the total energy of metallic clusters composed ofN identical atoms of valencev and with net chargeQ is obtained by means of a variational solution of the Thomas-Fermi-Weizsäcker energy density functional within the spherical jellium model. The minimum energy is given as an expansion in decreasing powers of the cluster radiusR=r _s Z ^1/3, withZ=vN andr _s the radius per electron of the bulk metal. The coefficients are obtained as functions ofr _s . Terms of volume (R ³), surface (R ²), curvature (R), constant (R ⁰), (1/R) and (1/R ²) are clearly separated in the formula, as well as the different contributions (kinetic, coulombic and exchange-correlation) to each of them. The asymptotic values (R→∞) for the work functions,W(r _s ), and surface energies σ(r _s ), are compared to analogous semiclassical and Kohn-Sham calculations of jellium-like surfaces and to the experimental values. The size dependent behaviour of chemical potentials, μ(R), electron affinities,AF(R), and ionization potentials,IP(R), are easily obtained for any kind of metallic clusters. In particular we discuss the Coulomb and quantum corrections to the coefficients β, δ in the asymptotic formulae:IP?W+β/R andAF?W+δ/R.     

Photochemical Rearrangement of a Steroidal α,β-Epoxylactone. Photochemical reactions,XI [1]

The UV. irradiation of 17β-acetoxy-4α, 5α-epoxy-2-oxaandrostan-3-one ( 7 ) yields 17β-acetoxy-2-oxa-10(5 → 4)abeo-4ζ (H)-androsta-3,5-dione ( 11 ). A non-photochemical synthesis of 11 , proceeding in lower yield, is also described.     

Mass spectra of some 2-methyl-3-(o- and p;-R-phenyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazoles

The mass spectra of twelve 2-methyl-3-(o- and p-R-phenyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazoles which have potentially useful pharmacological properties are presented.     

Tandem on-line continuous separation and determination of arsenic by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

The principle of tandem on-line continuous separation techniques as an alternative means of introducing samples into plasmas was applied to the development of a sensitive, selective and convenient method for the determination of arsenic by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Arsenic is continuously extracted as AsI₃ into xylene from the sample dissolved in 0.1 M potassium iodide solution in 7.2 M hydrochloric acid. The xylene phase (containing the analyte) is continuously mixed on-line with NaBH₄ in dimethylformamide and acetic acid solutions. Arsine is thus continuously generated directly from the organic phase and is separated in a gas—liquid separation device which prevents most of the xylene phase vapour from reaching the ICP. The system was optimized for the continuous extraction of AsI₃, the direct generation of arsine from xylene and the final ICP determination of arsenic. Finally, the tandem on-line continuous separation ICP detection system was applied to the determination of arsenic in real samples (white metal, cast iron, cupro-nickel and orchard leaves standard materials). Very good agreement between the experimental results and the certified values was obtained.