New measurements of Cabibbo-suppressed decays of mesons with the CLEO-c detector

Using of data collected with the CLEO-c detector, we report on first observations and measurements of Cabibbo-suppressed decays of D mesons in the following six decay modes: pi+ pi- pi0 pi0, pi+ pi+ pi- pi- pi0, pi+ pi0 pi0, pi+ pi+ pi- pi0, eta pi0, and omega pi+ pi-. Improved branching fraction measurements in eight other multipion decay modes are also presented. The measured D --> pi pi rates allow us to extract the ratio of isospin amplitudes A(DeltaI = (3/2) / A(DeltaI = (1/2)) = 0.420 +/- 0.014(stat) +/- 0.016(syst) and the strong phase shift of delta1 = (86.4 +/- 2.8 +/- 3.3) degrees, which is quite large and now more precisely determined.     

Design of full-duplex and multifunction bidirectional CMOS transceiver for optical interconnect applications

This work presents a full-duplex and multifunction bidirectional transceiver for optical interconnect application. The transceiver utilizes a common limiting amplifier/gain stage, thus reducing total chip area and total power consumption. While providing a full-duplex bidirectional transmission with the aid of a hybrid circuit between the electrical input/output (I/O) and the optoelectronic signals from the transmitter and receiver circuits, it also allows for a half-duplex operation with the aid of a switch between the transimpedance amplifier signals and the transmitter electrical input from the I/O port. The multifunction bidirectional CMOS transceiver is designed in a 0.13 µm Si-CMOS technology, with power dissipation of 79 and 54.4 mW for the transmitter and receiver, respectively. It shows a 3-dB bandwidth of 5.58 and 5.69 GHz for the transmitter and the receiver respectively and with a 3-dB gain of 66.14 and 69.6 dB, in full-duplex mode. The transceiver operates up to 7 Gb/s in full-duplex mode.     

Multilayer model of interlayer spacing in graphite intercalation compounds

The elastic deformation of host layers is calculated by constructing a model where the host layers, regarded as continuous two-dimensional elastic sheets, are infinitely stacked and compressible intercalants, represented by harmonic springs, are intercalated into them. If we treat the intercalants as being rigid relative to the soft host layers in the stage-1 graphite intercalation compound, Li_xC₆ (0≤x≤1), the calculated average gallery spacing agrees well with the experiments, without using any adjustable parameter. Received: 14 April 2000 / Accepted: 17 April 2000 / Published online: 23 August 2000     

Investigation of the Doughnut Effect in Cy3-Labeled Protein Microarrays using Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope

We demonstrate the fluorescence mapping of protein microarrays by the technique of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) and confocal microscopy. Micron sized spots (300 μm) of human Immunoglobulin G (hIgG) protein with and without a Cy3 dye labeling have been fabricated on glass substrates by an immobilization method which makes use of calixcrown derivatives termed Prolinker. We have also tried to probe into the well-known “doughnut effect” observed in fluorescence images of proteins using the SNOM technique. The topographic and fluorescence SNOM images revealed that the number of proteins at the boundary of the spot were more than at the center in the case of the microarray spot which showed brighter luminescence at the edge than at the center in the confocal image.     

Direct single-layered fabrication of 3D concavo–convex patterns in nano-stereolithography

A nano-surfacing process (NSP) is proposed to directly fabricate three-dimensional (3D) concavo–convex-shaped microstructures such as micro-lens arrays using two-photon polymerization (TPP), a promising technique for fabricating arbitrary 3D highly functional micro-devices. In TPP, commonly utilized methods for fabricating complex 3D microstructures to date are based on a layer-by-layer accumulating technique employing two-dimensional sliced data derived from 3D computer-aided design data. As such, this approach requires much time and effort for precise fabrication. In this work, a novel single-layer exposure method is proposed in order to improve the fabricating efficiency for 3D concavo–convex-shaped microstructures. In the NSP, 3D microstructures are divided into 13 sub-regions horizontally with consideration of the heights. Those sub-regions are then expressed as 13 characteristic colors, after which a multi-voxel matrix (MVM) is composed with the characteristic colors. Voxels with various heights and diameters are generated to construct 3D structures using a MVM scanning method. Some 3D concavo–convex-shaped microstructures were fabricated to estimate the usefulness of the NSP, and the results show that it readily enables the fabrication of single-layered 3D microstructures. PACS 85.40.Hp; 81.16.Nd; 42.82.Cr     

Ultrawidely tunable single-mode fiber acousto-optic filter

A single-mode fiber (SMF) acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) with a tuning range of more than 300 nm is demonstrated. The SMF used in the experiment has a ring of symmetric holes within the cladding, which causes a larger mode-index difference between the first and the second higher-order antisymmetric modes than those of a conventional SMF. As a result, the difference in beatlengths between the core mode and the higher-order modes is highly increased, which makes it possible for the SMF AOTF to exhibit a single resonance peak in the transmission spectrum over the wavelength range of 1.3-1.6 μm for given acoustic frequencies of 3.1-3.8 MHz.     

RKKY ferromagnetism with Ising-like spin states in intercalated Fe(1/4)TaS2

We investigated the magnetic nature of Fe(1/4)TaS2 using x-ray absorption spectroscopy, photoemission spectroscopy, and first principles band calculations. The results show a large unquenched orbital magnetic moment (～1.0 μ(B)/Fe) at intercalated Fe sites, resulting in a gigantic magnetic anisotropy (H(A)?60 T). The magnetic coupling is well understood in terms of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction, suggesting a novel RKKY ferromagnet with Ising-type spin states. We also found that this indirect exchange coupling between the neighboring Fe spins is ferromagnetic and maximized at the Fe-Fe distance of 2×2 superstructure.     

Transmission time of a particle in the reflectionless Sech-squared potential: Quantum clock approach

We investigate the time for a particle to pass through the reflectionless Sech-squared potential. Using the Salecker-Wigner and Peres quantum clock an average transmission time of a Gaussian wave packet representing the particle is explicitly evaluated in terms of average momentum and travel distance. The average transmission time is shown to be shorter than the time of free-particle motion and very close to the classical time for wave packets with well-localized momentum states. Since the clock measures the duration of scattering process the average transmission time can be interpreted as the average dwell time.