<Emphasis Type="Italic">IFPBM</Emphasis>s and their application to multiple attribute group decision making

The Bonferroni mean (BM) had been generalized for its capacity to capture the interrelationship between input arguments. In order to obtain much more information in the process of group decision making, especially in the cases that the relationships between the fused data are considered, this paper combines the power average operator with the intuitionistic fuzzy Bonferroni mean (IFBM) and develops the intuitionistic fuzzy power Bonferroni mean (IFPBM) and the weighted intuitionistic fuzzy power Bonferroni mean (WIFPBM). We investigate the desirable properties of these new extensions of BM and discuss their special cases. We give a comparison of the new extensions of BM with the corresponding existing IFBMs. Furthermore, the detailed steps of multiple attribute group decision making with the presented IFPBM or WIFPBM are given and numerical examples are illustrated to show the validity and feasibility of the new approaches.     

Metabolomics Provides A Novel Interpretation of the Changes in Main Compounds during Black Tea Processing through Different Drying Methods

This study aimed to compare the effect of hot roller (HR) drying and hot air (HA) drying on the sensory evaluation, chemical quality, antioxidant activity, and metabolic profile of Yihong Congou black tea processed from E’cha NO1. The Yihong Congou black tea dried with HA obtained higher sensory scores and better chemical qualities such as the hue of tea brew color (a and b), content of theaflavins, thearubigins, water extract, free amino acids, tea polyphenol, and the ratio of polyphenol to amino acids as well as higher antioxidant capacities compared to that dried with HR. The HA drying tea increased the contents of volatile compounds that had positive correlation with sweet and flowery flavor, while the HR drying tea increased the contents of volatile compounds related to fruity flavor. Moreover, non-targeted metabolomics data indicated that the levels of most free amino acids significantly increased, while the levels of most soluble sugars reduced in the HA drying method compared to the HR drying method. The metabolic analysis was also consistent with the above results and revealed that D-ribose and gallic acid were the main characteristic metabolites of HA drying. Our results could provide a technical reference and theoretical guide to processing a high quality of Yihong Congou black tea.     

Comparative Analysis of Herbaceous and Woody Cell Wall Digestibility by Pathogenic Fungi

Fungal pathogens have evolved combinations of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) to deconstruct host plant cell walls (PCWs). An understanding of this process is hoped to create a basis for improving plant biomass conversion efficiency into sustainable biofuels and bioproducts. Here, an approach integrating enzyme activity assay, biomass pretreatment, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and genomic analysis of PCWDEs were applied to examine digestibility or degradability of selected woody and herbaceous biomass by pathogenic fungi. Preferred hydrolysis of apple tree branch, rapeseed straw, or wheat straw were observed by the apple-tree-specific pathogen Valsa mali, the rapeseed pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and the wheat pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis, respectively. Delignification by peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment increased PCW digestibility, and the increase was generally more profound with non-host than host PCW substrates. Hemicellulase pretreatment slightly reduced or had no effect on hemicellulose content in the PCW substrates tested; however, the pretreatment significantly changed hydrolytic preferences of the selected pathogens, indicating a role of hemicellulose branching in PCW digestibility. Cellulose organization appears to also impact digestibility of host PCWs, as reflected by differences in cellulose microfibril organization in woody and herbaceous PCWs and variation in cellulose-binding domain organization in cellulases of pathogenic fungi, which is known to influence enzyme access to cellulose. Taken together, this study highlighted the importance of chemical structure of both hemicelluloses and cellulose in host PCW digestibility by fungal pathogens.     

A survey of visualization for smart manufacturing

Journal of Visualization - In smart manufacturing, people are facing an increasing amount of industrial data derived from various digitalized and connected sources in all kinds of formats....     

单原子催化——概念、方法与应用

单原子催化体系的成功构建将催化领域研究深入到更小的尺度范围,不仅可以从原子层次认识复杂的多相催化反应,而且由于其优越的催化性能在工业催化中具有巨大的应用潜能。本文基于近年来国内外研究者在单原子催化领域的研究工作,总结归纳了单原子催化剂的性能特征,介绍了单原子催化剂的制备手段、表征技术、理论研究及其在CO氧化、选择性加氢和光电催化等反应中的应用研究进展,分析了单原子催化剂特殊的电子结构对催化性能和反应机理的影响及其作用机制,指出了单原子催化体系在研究领域取得的突破与不足,对于深刻认识单原子催化的概念与原理、完善实验与理论研究方法、拓展应用范围和尽早实现工业应用提出了建议与展望。     

梯形薄壁堰流量规律数值模拟研究

旨在用数值模拟方法推求计算梯型薄壁堰堰流的简化公式。通过推求梯型薄壁堰堰流的基本理论公式,并求解气液两相流时均方程,辅以RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟了5种不同堰顶水头下梯形薄壁堰的过流能力。用SIMPLE算法对模拟体系中的压力与速度的耦合进行求解,同时用VOF法对自由水面的流动变化信息进行捕捉;进而通过最小二乘法的拟合得到模拟的流量值随堰顶水头变化的简化计算式,采用此公式计算了梯形薄壁堰在不同堰顶水头时的过流流量,与所推基本理论公式的计算值相比结果基本一致,可为实际工程中流量的控制和测量提供参考。     

Co‐assembly of Polyoxometalates and Zwitterionic Amphiphiles into Supramolecular Hydrogels: From Crystalline Fibrillar to Amorphous Micellar Networks

Gelation mechanism is of utmost importance to the rational design of supramolecular hydrogelators. Although both kinetic and thermodynamic controlled self‐assembly processes have been widely studied in hydrogels, the formation relationship between crystalline and amorphous gel networks still remains ambiguous. Herein, a gelation transformation from a kinetic to a thermodynamic process was achieved by balancing the rigidity and flexibility of the inorganic–organic co‐assemblies. By using polyoxometalates and zwitterionic amphiphiles, the transition morphologies between crystalline and amorphous hydrogel networks were evidenced for the first time, as ordered wormlike micelles. Given the versatile applications of hydrogels in biological systems and materials science, these findings may highlight the potential of inorganic–organic binary supramolecular hydrogelators and fill in the blank between kinetic and thermodynamic controlled gelation processes.     

Facile Synthesis and Size Control of 2D Cyclodextrin-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Nanosheet for Topical Drug Delivery

In this work, a 2D nanosheet (NS) of γ-cyclodextrin (CD)-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is synthesized through a facile green chemistry approach. NS-MOF carrier is constructed using a water system in a simple one-pot reaction involving CD and potassium carbonate. Particle size optimization is achieved by adjusting the reaction temperature and the introduction of crystal growth suppressor (appropriate proportion of acetone). The NS-MOF stability in aqueous medium is improved by polymerization reaction of crosslinked CD-MOF (CL-CD-MOF) without blocking its cavity for drug loading. The effects of particle geometry and size of nanoporous materials on their pharmacokinetics during drug delivery are compared between the sheet-like DXM@CL-NS-MOF and 3D-cubic-shaped DXM@CL-CD-MOF loaded with the same quantity of dexamethasone (DXM). The bioefficiency of these carriers in tear fluids and aqueous humors to deliver DXM is investigated in vivo. The results demonstrate that the 2D-nanosheet particles significantly improve precorneal residence time and intraocular bioavailability over the commercial Maxidex (0.1% dexamethasone) and its 3D-cubes counterpart of similar chemical composition. It suggests that the geometry of a carrier play a significant role in the biodistribution, and the carrier of CL-NS-MOF is a good candidate for ocular drug delivery.     

Simultaneous efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over iron(III)-based metal–organic frameworks: a comparative study

Transition Metal Chemistry - Here, we prepared a series of Fe-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs), including MIL-53(Fe), NH2-MIL-53(Fe), MIL-88B(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88B(Fe), via an oil bath process...