Preparation of gold nanoislands on various functionalized polymer-modified glass and ITO for electrochemical characterization of monolayer assembly of alkanethiols

Nanometer dimension of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles can be firmly bound with various functionalized polymer-modified glass plate and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Herein we report 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, polyvinyl pyridine, polyethylene imines, etc. as binding agents to modify these substrates to stabilize the charged colloidal gold nanoparticles through electrostatic stabilization of gold nanoparticles. When gold nanoparticles pretreated substrate are exposed into the seeding growth solution, the preadsorbed gold nanoparticles grow further and then form nanoislands of gold on glass and ITO substrates. The formation of nanoislands on microscope glass slide and ITO was monitored with UV-visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and atomic force microscopy methods. The gold nanoislands and gold nanoparticles pretreated substrates can be used as platform to study the self-assembling behavior of long chain alkanethiols such as C₁₂SH, C₁₆SH, and C₁₈SH. The binding, coverage, and electron transfer characteristics of monolayer assembly on modified gold nanoisland and nanoparticles modified substrates are studied using electrochemical studies. The gold substrates can be prepared by this method, which is simple and reproducible and can be applied to various sensor and electrocatalytic applications.     

Angular distributions for target residues in reactions of 14N and 12C with 115In

Mechanisms of the reactions of ¹²C and ¹⁴N with ¹¹⁵In have been investigated by measuring the angular distributions of the target residues. Various possible transfer mechanisms are discussed with the help of kinematic analysis and a semiclassical transfer model. Interesting secondary (or tertiary) peaks are seen near 90 in the angular distributions for most target residues.     

Comparison of Bacterial Communities in the Throat Swabs from Healthy Subjects and Pharyngitis Patients by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis was applied to characterize bacterial flora present in the throats of healthy subjects and pharyngitis patients. The 16S?rRNA genes of bacteria present in throat metagenome were amplified by PCR with 6-carboxy-fluorescein (6-FAM)-labeled universal forward primer (27?F) and a universal reverse primer (1513R). The 16S rDNAs were digested with restriction enzymes with 4-bp recognition sites (MspI or RsaI) and analyzed by using an automated DNA sequencer. T-RFLP patterns were numerically analyzed using computer programs. From analysis of the throat bacterial community, patterns derived from MspI and RsaI digested samples of healthy subjects and pharyngitis patients were grouped into different clusters, though RsaI digested samples showed some uncertainty. Pharyngitis throats generated an average species richness of 9 [±2.1 (SD)] and 10 (±2.9) for MspI and RsaI digests, respectively, whereas healthy throats generated 6.3 (±1.2) and 6.1 (±1.5) in MspI and RsaI digests, respectively. These results suggest that samples from pharyngitis patients contain an unexpected diversity of causative bacteria. The pharyngitis throats were colonized with a rich diversity of bacterial species than that of healthy throats. Using T-RFLP, we are able to detect a model bacterium, Streptococcus pyogenes SF370, and T-RF patterns were consistent with the Streptococcal T-RFLP patterns. Our study indicates that T-RFLP analysis is useful for the assessment of diversity of throat bacterial flora and rapid comparison of the community structure between subjects with and without pharyngitis.     

Stereoselective synthesis of sugar-based β-lactam derivatives: docking studies and its biological evaluation

Highly diastereoselective synthesis of cis-β-lactams via [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of sugar-imine derivative possessing free hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-3 positions and ketenes is described. exo-Approach of sugar-imine with ketene leads to the stereoselective formation of cis product and it is facilitated by hydrogen bonding interaction of C2–OH with carbonyl group of ketene. Docking studies show that these derivatives are having greater affinity towards PBP and it has been validated by in vivo studies. Among the different sugar-based azetidine-2-ones, compounds 6a and 6d were superior in activity to the commercial antibiotic tetracycline.     

Clinical Grade iPS Cells: Need for Versatile Small Molecules and Optimal Cell Sources

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Application of Fuzzy Linear Programming in Production Planning

In this paper, a new fuzzy linear programming based methodology using a specific membership function, named as modified logistic membership function is proposed. The modified logistic membership function is first formulated and its flexibility in taking up vagueness in parameters is established by an analytical approach. This membership function is tested for its useful performance through an illustrative example by employing fuzzy linear programming. The developed methodology of FLP has provided a confidence in applying to real life industrial production planning problem. This approach of solving industrial production planning problem can have feed back within the decision maker, the implementer and the analyst. In such case this approach can be called as IFLP (Interactive Fuzzy Linear Programming). There is a possibility to design the self organizing of fuzzy system for the mix products selection problem in order to find the satisfactory solution. The decision maker, the analyst and the implementer can incorporate their knowledge and experience to obtain the best outcome.     

Mediator-free simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and caffeine using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanotubular clay

Microchimica Acta - The authors describe a voltammetric method for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACOP) and caffeine (CAF) using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a...