全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7926篇 |
免费 | 1256篇 |
国内免费 | 745篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5571篇 |
晶体学 | 132篇 |
力学 | 473篇 |
综合类 | 72篇 |
数学 | 784篇 |
物理学 | 2895篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 172篇 |
2022年 | 227篇 |
2021年 | 267篇 |
2020年 | 367篇 |
2019年 | 342篇 |
2018年 | 289篇 |
2017年 | 244篇 |
2016年 | 404篇 |
2015年 | 386篇 |
2014年 | 514篇 |
2013年 | 589篇 |
2012年 | 657篇 |
2011年 | 693篇 |
2010年 | 457篇 |
2009年 | 374篇 |
2008年 | 498篇 |
2007年 | 425篇 |
2006年 | 379篇 |
2005年 | 321篇 |
2004年 | 214篇 |
2003年 | 218篇 |
2002年 | 166篇 |
2001年 | 124篇 |
2000年 | 154篇 |
1999年 | 151篇 |
1998年 | 129篇 |
1997年 | 131篇 |
1996年 | 151篇 |
1995年 | 110篇 |
1994年 | 108篇 |
1993年 | 89篇 |
1992年 | 78篇 |
1991年 | 69篇 |
1990年 | 72篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 49篇 |
1987年 | 37篇 |
1986年 | 37篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 12篇 |
1937年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有9927条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
251.
252.
253.
The migration of a downsized crescent-shaped dune was investigated in a wind tunnel experiment.Quantified upwind influx and vertical oscillation of the sand bed were introduced to modulate the saturation level of the sand flux above the dune surface to affect dune evolution.The evolution was recorded by top-view photography and then abstracted as the evolution of self-defined characteristic quantities using a digital image processing algorithm.The results showed that,in contrast to the case for spanwise quantities,the evolution of streamwise quantities corresponds to a linear increase in the modulation magnitude more positively and in a monotonic and convergent manner.In contrast with quantities on the windward face,the changes in quantities with respect to the horns were nonmonotonic with time and almost uncorrelated with the variation in modulation strength,which reveals the distinctiveness of leeside evolution. 相似文献
254.
Sen‐Wang Zhang Ling‐Pan Lu Bai‐Xiang Li Yue‐Sheng Li 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(22):4721-4731
Vanadium(III) complexes bearing phenoxy‐phosphine ligands ( 2a–g ) (2‐R1‐4‐R2‐6‐PPh2‐C6H2O)VCl2(THF)2 ( 2a : R1 = R2 = H; 2b : R1 = F, R2 = H; 2c : R1 = Ph, R2 = H; 2d : R1 = tBu, R2 = H; 2e : R1 = R2 = Me; 2f : R1 = R2 = tBu; 2g : R1 = R2 = CMe2Ph) were prepared from VCl3(THF)3 by treating with 1.0 equiv of the ligand in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of excess triethylamine (TEA). The reaction of VCl3(THF)3 with 2.0 equiv of the ligand in THF in the presence of excess TEA afforded vanadium(III) complexes bearing two phenoxy‐phosphine ligands ( 3c–f ). These complexes were characterized by FTIR and mass spectrum as well as elemental analyses. Structures of 2f and 3c were further confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analyses. Complexes 2a–g and 3c–f were employed as the catalysts for ethylene polymerization under various reaction conditions. On activation with Et2AlCl, these complexes exhibited high catalytic activities (up to 41.3 kg PE/mmolV·h·bar) even at high temperature (70°C), and produced high molecular weight polymer with unimodal molecular weight distributions, indicating the polymerization took place in a single‐site nature. Complexes 3c–f displayed better thermal stability than the corresponding complexes 2a–g under similar conditions. In addition, copolymerizations of ethylene and 1‐hexene with precatalysts 2a–g were also explored in the presence of Et2AlCl. Catalytic activity, comonomer incorporation, and properties of the resultant polymers can be controlled over a wide range by tuning catalyst structures and reaction parameters.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
255.
256.
Mingli Jiao Kai Yang Wangxi Zhang Wei Pan Ruiwen Zhang Si Xie 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(11):2103-2115
A series of poly(L-lactic acid)/polybutadiene (PLA/PB) biodegradable multiblock elastomers was synthesized and characterized. A two-step process to prepare PLA/PB multiblock elastomers was applied. Melt polymerization was used to prepare poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) terminated with hydroxyl groups and, at the same time, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) were employed to synthesize diisocyanate-terminated polybutadiene (ITPB). Then, PLA and ITPB were reacted with different PLA/PB weight ratios. Consequently, a series of PLA/PB biodegradable poly(ester-urethane)s with crosslinked chains was obtained. Swelling characteristics and crosslink density of the crosslinked elastomer were investigated. DMA was applied to characterize its thermal properties. The measurement of mechanical properties showed that a PLA/PB elastomer with adjustable mechanical properties was synthesized. Micromorphology, hydrophobicity, and degradability of the material were also characterized. 相似文献
257.
Qianqian Sun Yuwei Long Hongxi Li Shuang Pan Jidong Yang Shaopu Liu Xiaoli Hu 《Journal of fluorescence》2018,28(2):523-531
Caffeic acid (CA), a familiar color stabilizing reagent, has aroused general concern due to its uncontrolled addition, and thus the detection of CA is increasingly important. In our report, the bright carbon dots (CDs) were prepared via hydrothermal treatment with urea and citric acid act as raw material and their characteristics were discussed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and so on. Impressively, the strong emission of the as-prepared CDs (Quantum Yield: 24.3%) decreased sharply upon a full reaction with the added CA. Hence, we first present an improved strategy for determining CA based upon the quenching of the strong emission of CDs. In this strategy, 0.79–100.0 µmol L??1 caffeic acid could be simply detected, and a detection limit of 0.24 µmol L??1 was allowed. Additionally, CA in red wine samples can be successfully detected by this method and the exploration of the quenching mechanism of the CA-CDs system was done. 相似文献
258.
An optical study of the D-D neutron irradiation-induced defects in Co-and Cu-doped ZnO wafers
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《中国物理 B》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Room-temperature photoluminescence and optical transmittance spectroscopy of Co-doped(1×1014,5×1016,and 1×1017cm-2) and Cu-doped(5×1016cm-2) ZnO wafers irradiated by D-D neutrons(fluence of 2.9×1010 cm-2) have been investigated.After irradiation,the Co or Cu metal and oxide clusters in doped ZnO wafers are dissolved,and the wu¨rtzite structure of ZnO substrate for each sample remains unchanged and keeps in high c-axis preferential orientation.The degree of irradiation-induced crystal disorder reflected from the absorption band tail parameter(E0) is far greater for doped ZnO than the undoped one.Under the same doping concentration,the Cu-doped ZnO wafer has much higher irradiation-induced disorder than the Co-doped one.Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the introduction rate of both the zinc vacancy and the zinc interstitial is much higher for the doped ZnO wafer with a high doping level than the undoped one.In addition,both crystal lattice distortion and defect complexes are suggested to be formed in doped ZnO wafers.Consequently,the Co-or Cu-doped ZnO wafer(especially with a high doping level) exhibits very low radiation hardness compared with the undoped one,and the Cu-doped ZnO wafer is much less radiation-hard than the Co-doped one. 相似文献
259.
Co (II)‐C12 alkyl carbon chain multi‐functional ionic liquid immobilized on nano‐SiO2 nano‐SiO2@CoCl3‐C12IL as an efficient cooperative catalyst for C–H activation by direct acylation of aryl halides with aldehydes
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《应用有机金属化学》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Nano‐silica supported ionic liquids composed of alkyl carbon chain and transition metal chlorides anions have been prepared and successfully applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in the direct aldehyde C‐H activation. Catalytic results indicated that nano‐SiO2 supported ionic liquid consisting C12 alkyl carbon chain and CoCl3 anion nano‐SiO2@CoCl3‐C12IL showed excellent catalytic properties with good to excellent yields towards the desired aryl ketones. The excellent recyclability of the supported catalyst, mild reaction conditions, low catalyst loading, and operational simplicity are the important features of this methodology. 相似文献
260.
Structure‐guided RP‐HPLC chromatography of diastereomeric α‐helical peptide analogs substituted with single amino acid stereoisomers
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
YiBing Huang Ling Pan LianJing Zhao Colin T. Mant Robert S. Hodges Yuxin Chen 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2014,28(4):511-517
An α‐helical model peptide (Ac‐EAEKAAKE‐X‐EKAAKEAEK‐amide) was used as a template to examine the efficacy of conventional reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) in separating peptide analogs with single substitutions (at position X) of diasteromeric amino acids Ile, allo‐Ile, d ‐Ile and d ‐allo‐Ile. We compared differences in peptide retention behavior on a C8 column and a C18 column at different temperatures. We demonstrated how subtle differences in peptide secondary structure affected by the different substitutions of amino acids with identical overall hydrophobicity enabled effective resolution of these peptide analogs. We also demonstrated the ability of RP‐HPLC to separate Ile‐ and allo‐Ile‐substituted analogs of a 26‐residue α‐helical antimicrobial peptide (AMP), with the substitution site towards the C‐terminus of the α‐helix. These peptides show different values of antibacterial activity and hemolytic activity, and different selectivity against bacteria and human cells. Our results underline the ability of RP‐HPLC to resolve even difficult diasteromeric peptide mixtures as well as its value in monitoring very subtle hydrophobicity changes in de novo‐designed AMP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献