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Zhang Z Fenter P Cheng L Sturchio NC Bedzyk MJ Predota M Bandura A Kubicki JD Lvov SN Cummings PT Chialvo AA Ridley MK Bénézeth P Anovitz L Palmer DA Machesky ML Wesolowski DJ 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(12):4954-4969
A comprehensive picture of the interface between aqueous solutions and the (110) surface of rutile (alpha-TiO2) is being developed by combining molecular-scale and macroscopic approaches, including experimental measurements, quantum calculations, molecular simulations, and Gouy-Chapman-Stern models. In situ X-ray reflectivity and X-ray standing-wave measurements are used to define the atomic arrangement of adsorbed ions, the coordination of interfacial water molecules, and substrate surface termination and structure. Ab initio calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, validated through direct comparison with the X-ray results, are used to predict ion distributions not measured experimentally. Potentiometric titration and ion adsorption results for rutile powders having predominant (110) surface expression provide macroscopic constraints of electrical double layer (EDL) properties (e.g., proton release) which are evaluated by comparison with a three-layer EDL model including surface oxygen proton affinities calculated using ab initio bond lengths and partial charges. These results allow a direct correlation of the three-dimensional, crystallographically controlled arrangements of various species (H2O, Na+, Rb+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Y3+, Nd3+) with macroscopic observables (H+ release, metal uptake, zeta potential) and thermodynamic/electrostatic constraints. All cations are found to be adsorbed as "inner sphere" species bonded directly to surface oxygen atoms, while the specific binding geometries and reaction stoichiometries are dependent on ionic radius. Ternary surface complexes of sorbed cations with electrolyte anions are not observed. Finally, surface oxygen proton affinities computed using the MUSIC model are improved by incorporation of ab initio bond lengths and hydrogen bonding information derived from MD simulations. This multitechnique and multiscale approach demonstrates the compatibility of bond-valence models of surface oxygen proton affinities and Stern-based models of the EDL structure, with the actual molecular interfacial distributions observed experimentally, revealing new insight into EDL properties including specific binding sites and hydration states of sorbed ions, interfacial solvent properties (structure, diffusivity, dielectric constant), surface protonation and hydrolysis, and the effect of solution ionic strength. 相似文献
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C. Kourkoumelis L. K. Resvanis T. A. Filippas E. Fokitis R. B. Palmer D. C. Rahm P. Rehak I. Stumer C. W. Fabjan T. Fields D. Lissauer I. Mannelli P. Mouzourakis A. Nappi W. J. Willis M. Goldberg 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1982,16(2):101-109
A search for massive photon pair production at \(\sqrt s = 63 GeV\) has been carried out on the data sample previously employed for the electron pair production study. Positive evidence is reported form γγ>6GeV, with a production cross-section similar to Drell-Yan electron pairs. The ratio γγ/π0π0 was measured to be ~10?3 for ap T of each γ or γ or π0 above 3 GeV/c. 相似文献
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Julie L. S. Bell David J. Wesolowski Donald A. Palmer 《Journal of solution chemistry》1993,22(2):125-136
The dissociation quotients of formic acid were measured potentiometrically from 25 to 200°C in NaCl solutions at ionic strengths of 0.1, 0.3 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mol-kg–1. The experiments were carried out in a concentration cell with hydrogen electrodes. The resulting molal acid dissociation quotients for formic acid, as well as a set of infinite dilution literature values and a calorimetrically-determined enthalpy of reaction, were fitted by an empirical equation involving an extended Debye Hückel term and seven adjustable parameters involving functions of temperature and ionic strength. This regressional analysis yielded the following thermodynamic quantities for 25°C: logK=–3.755±0.002, Ho=–0.09±0.15 kJ-mol–1, So=–72.2±0.5 J-K–1-mol–1, and C
p
o
=–147±4 J-K–1-mol–1. The isocoulombic form of the equilibrium constant is recommended for extrapolation to higher temperatures. 相似文献
60.
Anionic water soluble siloxane polymers have been synthesized and characterized for electrokinetic chromatography. Siloxane polymers are of interest in electrokinetic chromatography because of the wide variety of chemistries that can be developed based on these backbones, including much of the stationary phase chemistry developed in the last 30 years. The siloxanes in this study have a sulfonate functional group. The siloxanes have different length alkyl chains (C8, C12, C18) attached to the backbone in differing densities. The methylene selectivity generally increases with increasing alkyl chain length and with increasing alkyl chain density. The electrophoretic mobility appears to pass through a maximum as more alkyl chain is added to the siloxane backbone. The efficiency also would seem to pass through a maximum as more alkyl chain is added. The chemical selectivities of the siloxane polymers are very different from sodium dodecyl sulfate but are similar to each other. 相似文献