Nachweis und Bestimmung des Mangans sowie seine Trennung von anderen Elementen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

13C CP MAS NMR of halogenated (Cl,Br, I) pharmaceuticals at ultrahigh magnetic fields

This work reports significantly improved spectral resolution of ¹³C CP MAS NMR spectra of chlorinated, brominated and iodinated solid organic compounds when such spectra are recorded at ultrahigh magnetic field strengths. The cause of this is the residual dipolar coupling between carbon atoms and quadrupolar halogen nuclides (chlorine‐35/37, bromine‐79/81 or iodine‐127), an effect inversely proportional to the magnetic field strength which declines in importance markedly at 21.1 T as compared to lower fields. In favorable cases, the fine structure observed can be used for spectral assignment, e.g. for Cl‐substituted aromatics where the substituted carbon as well as the ortho‐carbons show distinct doublets. The experimental results presented are supported by theoretical modeling and calculations. The improved spectral resolution in the studied systems and similar halogenated materials will be of particular interest and importance for polymorph identification, drug discovery and quality control in the pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neuere Methoden zum Nachweis, zur Isolierung und quantitativen Bestimmung des Eiwei?es sowie seiner h?heren und tieferen Abbauprodukte

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Improved Minkowski-space currents and residual shifts in theN=1 superspace-translation tensor

The general structure of the improved superconformal and super-Poincaré currents obtained from the minimal superspace-translation tensor is given. A necessary condition for the residual shifts in this tensor follows from the requirement of shift invariance of these currents.     

The 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced porphyrin biosynthesis in benign and malignant cells of the skin.

In fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy of neoplastic tissues 5-aminolevulinic acid is used to synthesize endogenous porphyrins as photosensitizers. The efficacy of neoplastic tissues to fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy is thought to be dependent on the total level of intralesional formed porphyrins. The available profiles of porphyrin metabolites in normal and in neoplastic cell lines after administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid vary considerably. Thus, this is the first in-vitro study which compares the porphyrin biosynthesis in normal skin cells (HaCaT, fibroblasts) with melanoma cells (Bro, SKMel-23, SKMel-28). After incubation with 1 mM 5-aminolevulinic acid, kinetics of porphyrin levels and metabolites were determined in the cells and the corresponding supernatants. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid induced porphyrin formation in all cells with maximum values after an incubation period of 16-36 h. Increase of porphyrin levels varied from 10- to 80-fold (SKMel-28>HaCaT>fibroblasts>SKMel-23>Bro) with minimum 1.5 times higher levels of porphyrins in the supernatants than in the cells. In cells and supernatants protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin were the predominantly formed porphyrin metabolites. Metastatic melanoma cells (SKMel-23, SKMel-28) accumulated much higher porphyrin levels than primary melanoma cells (Bro). In conclusion, by optimizing the treatment modalities, especially the light source, topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) could become a treatment alternative of melanoma metastases in progressive disease.