High adsorptive γ-AlOOH(boehmite)@SiO2/Fe3O4 porous magnetic microspheres for detection of toxic metal ions in drinking water

γ-AlOOH(boehmite)@SiO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) porous magnetic microspheres with high adsorption capacity toward heavy metal ions were found to be useful for the simultaneous and selective electrochemical detection of five metal ions, such as ultratrace zinc(II), cadmium(II), lead(II), copper(II), and mercury(II), in drinking water.     

纳米晶Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9晶间非晶相结构弛豫与模量的振荡变化

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振动噪声等高图的电驱动桥噪声预测及优化*

在项目开发前期通过优化电驱动桥扭矩特性的设计,可以规避噪声大问题。根据电驱动桥台架在对应扭矩下的振动噪声特性,提出了一套稳定高效的测试流程和分析方法。首先设计了一套完整的试验流程,制定了精准的数据分析方法。然后绘制出能够全面反映电驱动桥振动噪声特性的等高图。最后利用电驱动桥台架的振动噪声等高图,准确评估电驱动桥加速工况下振动噪声风险,为主机厂和电驱动桥零部件企业提供电驱动桥扭矩特性设计前期指导。利用该方法成功识别到某电驱动桥匀速及加速工况下电机及齿轮的啸叫问题。通过优化电驱动桥扭矩特性设计,电机48阶噪声峰值降低了8.5dB(A),确认该方法准确可靠,具备推广应用价值。     

Mg~(2+)掺杂锰酸锂的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势法对Mg~(2+)掺杂锰酸锂的晶格常数与能带结构、态密度、键布居进行计算和分析,计算结果表明:掺杂Mg~(2+)后将会促使Mn、 O原子的电荷重新分布且其相互作用加强,能带带隙减小,费米能级附近的带数增加,费米能由-1.29 eV增加到-1.02 eV, Mn、 O、 Mg在总态密度中贡献比较大,锂离子贡献比较小且峰型尖锐局域化严重,提高了Li~+的扩散效率, Mn—O键变短,共价性增强,形成的共价键较稳定,其相互作用形成的骨架较稳定不易坍塌.从而提高了材料的循环充放电性能和电池使用寿命.     

叶片衰老影响木兰科植物聚类的FTIR研究

傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结合聚类分析技术应用于木兰科植物不同亚族分类,研究了叶片衰老对聚类分析效果的影响。测试了木兰科三个亚族14种植物的幼叶、成叶、老黄叶红外光谱,结果显示三个亚族植物叶片红外光谱差异不大;同种植物叶片不同生长期的红外光谱吸收峰位置基本一致,但一些特征峰的峰强有变化;用1 800～700 cm-1范围二阶导数光谱结合聚类分析,发现成叶二阶导数光谱聚类分析能够正确对样品分类,幼叶和老黄叶二阶导数谱聚类分析效果不如成叶,说明叶片衰老过程化学成分变化影响聚类分析效果,聚类分析时取成叶样品为好。     

Modular Customization and Regulation of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Membrane Separations

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered ideal membrane candidates for energy-efficient separations. However, the MOF membrane amount to date is only a drop in the bucket compared to the material collections. The fabrication of an arbitrary MOF membrane exhibiting inherent separation capacity of the material remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, we report a MOF modular customization strategy by employing four MOFs with diverse structures and physicochemical properties and achieving innovative defect-free membranes for efficient separation validation. Each membrane fully displays the separation potential according to the MOF pore/channel microenvironment, and consequently, an intriguing H₂/CO₂ separation performance sequence is achieved (separation factor of 1656–5.4, H₂ permeance of 964–2745 gas permeation unit). Taking advantage of this strategy, separation performance can be manipulated by a non-destructive modification separately towards the MOF module. This work establishes a universal full-chain demonstration for membrane fabrication-separation validation-microstructure modification and opens an avenue for exclusive customization of membranes for important separations.     

Cube‐in‐Cube Hollow Cu9S5 Nanostructures with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities in Solar H2 Evolution

Hydrogen produced from water under solar energy is an ideal clean energy source, and the efficiency of hydrogen production usually depends on the catalytic systems based on new compounds and/or a unique nanostructure. Herein, well‐defined cube‐in‐cube hollow Cu₉S₅ nanostructures have been successfully prepared with Cu₂O nanocubes and CS₂ as precursors, and single‐shell hollow Cu₉S₅ nanocubes could be obtained by replacing CS₂ with Na₂S. The formation mechanism of cube‐in‐cube hollow nanostructures has been proposed based on the Kirkendell effect and an outward self‐assembly process. Further studies revealed that the cube‐in‐cube hollow Cu₉S₅ nanostructures exhibited better photocatalytic activity toward solar H₂ evolution and would be a promising photocatalyst in the solar hydrogen industry.     

A high-pressure study of PbCO3 by XRD and Raman spectroscopy

The pressure-induced phase transitions of PbCO3 are studied using synchrotron radiation in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. The XRD measurement indicates that PbCO3 with an initial phase of aragonite-type structure undergoes two phase transitions at ～7.8GPa and ～15.7GPa respectively. The higher-pressure phase appearing at ～ 15.7GPa is stable up to 51.8GPa. The two phase transitions are further confirmed by Raman scattering up to 23.3GPa. During the decompression process, the high-pressure phases of PbCO3 are gradually recovered to the starting aragonite-type structure, but exhibit some hysteresis. The bulk modulus B0 of the aragonite-type structure is obtained to be 63±(3) GPa by fitting the volume-pressure data to the Birch-Murnaghan equation of states with B0 fixed to 4.     

缫丝工程中不同茧层的茧粒数分布模型及其应用

在定粒缫丝工程中采用粗细茧丝搭配的方法进行配茧缫丝时,需要根据落绪茧及茧丝粗细搭配状况选择适当的接绪茧接绪,以保持厚薄茧型的搭配,减小生丝纤度方差.本文对该缫丝动态过程进行数学建模,给出差微分方程组及其平衡状态下不同茧层茧粒数的分布.通过对定粒缫丝动态过程的计算机模拟,对获得的理论结果及其在缫丝工程管理中的应用问题进行了讨论.     

A Novel Nano-Sensor Based on Rhodamine-β-Isothiocyanate – Doped Silica Nanoparticle for pH Measurement

A novel and simple enzymatic method for the determination of trace cyanide in marine fish is presented. This method is based on the conversion of metal-cyanide complexes by a fungal enzyme extract containing cyanide hydratase (E.C. 4.2.1.66; CyHT) and formamidase (E.C. 3.5.1.49) into formate and ammonia. The formate produced in the sample pretreated with the fungal enzymes was measured by adding formate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.2; FDH) and excess NAD⁺. The NADH formed accordingly was monitored at 340nm. The cyanide calibration curve was found to be linear in the range of 10–100µM, and the detection limit was 1.1µM (0.0286ppm). The proposed biotest was successfully applied to the determination of trace cyanide in a tropical marine food fish species (Russells Snapper (Lutjamus russellii)) which had been exposed to cyanide.