化工原理课程思政教学改革与实践

介绍了化工原理课程思政的育人目标,据此构建课程内容与育人元素的支撑矩阵;融入绿色工程理念,确定课程对绿色工程十二项原则指标点的支撑;深度融合信息技术,基于原有慕课建设专门的课程思政慕课;以精馏章节为例,分享化工原理课程思政教学案例设计思路和方案。同时,对学生测评和学习成果、育人点、重要性及切入自然性进行调研评价,说明通过课程思政教学实践,在潜移默化中培养学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。为化工类专业课程思政教学提供参考和借鉴。     

An Electrochemical Nanosensor for Monitoring the Dynamics of Intracellular H2O2 Upon NADH Treatment

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based therapeutic strategies play an important role in cancer treatment. However, in situ, real-time and quantitative analysis of intracellular ROS in cancer treatment for drug screening is still a challenge. Herein we report one selective hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) electrochemical nanosensor, which is prepared by electrodeposition of Prussian blue (PB) and polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) onto carbon fiber nanoelectrode. With the nanosensor, we find that the level of intracellular H₂O₂ increases with NADH treatment and that increase is dose-dependent to the concentration of NADH. High-dose of NADH (above 10 mM) can induce cell death and intratumoral injection of NADH is validated for inhibiting tumor growth in mice. This study highlights the potential of electrochemical nanosensor for tracking and understanding the role of H₂O₂ in screening new anticancer drug.     

Selective In Situ Analysis of Mature microRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles Using a DNA Cage-Based Thermophoretic Assay

Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in different stages of cancer progression, yet it remains challenging to precisely detect mature miRNAs in EVs due to the presence of interfering RNAs (such as longer precursor miRNAs, pre-miRNAs) and the low abundance of tumor-associated miRNAs. By leveraging the size-selective ability of DNA cages and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-enhanced thermophoretic accumulation of EVs, we devised a DNA cage-based thermophoretic assay for highly sensitive, selective, and in situ detection of mature miRNAs in EVs with a low limit of detection (LoD) of 2.05 fM. Our assay can profile EV mature miRNAs directly in serum samples without the interference of pre-miRNAs and the need for ultracentrifugation. A clinical study showed that EV miR-21 or miR-155 had an overall accuracy of 90 % for discrimination between breast cancer patients and healthy donors, which outperformed conventional molecular probes detecting both mature miRNAs and pre-miRNAs. We envision that our assay can advance EV miRNA-based diagnosis of cancer.     

High-throughput Synthesis of Solution-Processable van der Waals Heterostructures through Electrochemistry

Two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures (2D vdWHs) have recently gained widespread attention because of their abundant and exotic properties, which open up many new possibilities for next-generation nanoelectronics. However, practical applications remain challenging due to the lack of high-throughput techniques for fabricating high-quality vdWHs. Here, we demonstrate a general electrochemical strategy to prepare solution-processable high-quality vdWHs, in which electrostatic forces drive the stacking of electrochemically exfoliated individual assemblies with intact structures and clean interfaces into vdWHs with strong interlayer interactions. Thanks to the excellent combination of strong light absorption, interfacial charge transfer, and decent charge transport properties in individual layers, thin-film photodetectors based on graphene/In₂Se₃ vdWHs exhibit great promise for near-infrared (NIR) photodetection, owing to a high responsivity (267 mA W⁻¹), fast rise (72 ms) and decay (426 ms) times under NIR illumination. This approach enables various hybrid systems, including graphene/In₂Se₃, graphene/MoS₂ and graphene/MoSe₂ vdWHs, providing a broad avenue for exploring emerging electronic, photonic, and exotic quantum phenomena.     

聚酯基硫脲树脂PDTU-Ⅰ对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附性能研究

测定了聚酯基硫脲树脂对银离子的吸附容量,讨论了吸附时间、溶液酸度,温度及银离子初始浓度等因素对其吸附性能的影响,并对吸附动力学和热力学进行了研究.结果表明,树脂对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附遵循G.E.Boyd液膜扩散方程和Langmuir等温式,且吸附为吸热过程.     

排放源及周围环境空气中二噁英类污染状况研究

二噁英类物质是具有致癌、致畸、致突变效应的环境内分泌干扰物质,主要产生于垃圾焚烧、金属冶炼、含氯化学品生产等过程.该类物质具有稳定的化学性质,一旦进入环境,就将长期存在.光解、微生物降解等自然作用对其分子结构影响较小[1-2].为明确污染源对周围环境的影响,对污染源排放的烟气和周围环境空气进行了分析研究.     

四氯四溴荧光素-Cl^——Ag^＋沉淀吸附反应-光吸收比差法测定痕量氯离子

四氯四溴荧光素(TBTCF)能够与氯化银胶体在pH 4.33时发生灵敏的沉淀吸附反应,根据该反应颜色变化,应用光吸收比差法建立了痕量氯离子测定的新方法。实验表明盐度和温度对反应体系影响不明显。Cl-浓度在0.09~9.0 mg/L范围与光吸收比差(△Ar)呈线性关系,方法检出限为0.03μg/mL。通过对三种地面水体Cl-的分析,加标回收率为96.2%~104%,测定结果与离子色谱法相吻合。该方法具有成本低、选择性好、灵敏度高等特点,适用于现场在线检测以及海水、高温水体中氯离子的直接定量测定。     

二项式系数幂和序列在模p2下的几个性质

利用同余理论和多项式理论研究二项式系数幂和序列在模p2下的同余性质,得到了一些非平凡结果.为进一步研究二项式系数幂和序列的多项式递推公式提供有利的工具.     

一个求解二项式系数幂和序列递推公式的方法

根据同余理论并利用二项式系数幂和序列在模p下具有周期性的事实,提出一种求解递推公式的方法,从理论上证明其可行性.使得求解和验证二项式系数幂和序列递推公式具有完备的理论基础.     

A Strategy for Controlling the Polymerizations of Thiyl Radical Propagation by RAFT Agents

The ability to extend the polymerizations of thiyl radical propagation to be regulated by existing controlled methods would be highly desirable, yet remained very challenging to achieve because the thiyl radicals still cannot be reversibly controlled by these methods. In this article, we reported a novel strategy that could enable the radical ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic allylic sulfides, wherein propagating specie is thiyl radical, to be controlled by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents. The key to the success of this strategy is the propagating thiyl radical can undergo desulfurization with isocyanide and generate a stabilized alkyl radical for reversible control. Systematic optimization of the reaction conditions allowed good control over the polymerization, leading to the formation of polymers with well-defined architectures, exemplified by the radical block copolymerization of macrocyclic allylic sulfides and vinyl monomers and the incorporation of sequence-defined segments into the polymer backbone. This work represents a significant step toward directly enabling the polymerizations of heteroatom-centered radical propagation to be regulated by existing reversible-deactivation radical polymerization techniques.