壳聚糖-F27软模板法制备孔结构可调的氮掺杂纳米介孔碳球

以壳聚糖为新的碳源和氮源的前驱体、三嵌段两亲共聚物(F127)为软模板,采用喷雾干燥和直接碳化技术成功制备了氮掺杂介孔碳纳米粒(NMCs).系统研究了模板剂用量对氮掺杂介孔碳材料孔结构和氮元素含量的影响,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热失重分析仪(TGA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面积和孔径分析仪(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对氮掺杂介孔碳纳米粒子的微观形貌和结构进行了表征.分析研究结果表明,氮掺杂介孔碳材料孔隙发达,纳米粒子具有球形形貌,平均直径约为300～400 nm,具有蠕虫状介孔结构,随着模板剂用量的增加,孔径在3.05～6.09 nm逐渐增大,氮元素含量逐渐从6.324;减少为3.020;,孔容和比表面积先增加后减少,碳源和模板剂质量比在6:2时比表面积最大为868.9 m2/g,孔容为0.963 cm3/g.同时掺N后的介孔碳由于掺氮量不同,接触角随着氮含量的增加而减少.     

Theoretical investigation of the EPR parameters and local structure for trigonal Yb3+ ion in Bi4Ge3O12 crystal

Bi4Ge3O12 single crystals are of great interest for science research and engineering applications. In this paper, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) g factors g||, gperpendicular of Yb3+ and hyperfine structure constants A||, Aperpendicular of 171Yb3+ and 173Yb3+ isotopes in Bi4Ge3O12 crystal are calculated from the perturbation formulas of these parameters. The crystal-field parameters are obtained from the superposition model and the crystal structure data. The EPR parameters for trigonal Yb3+ centers in Bi4Ge3O12 are reasonably explained by involving the defect structures of impurity Yb3+ centers. Based on the calculations, Yb3+ ion is found not to occupy exactly the host Bi3+ site, but to shift away from the center of oxygen octahedron by a distance DeltaZ approximately 0.317 A along C3 axis. The results are discussed.     

Local approach to coupled cluster evaluation of polarizabilities for long conjugated molecules

Electron correlation effect in conjugated polymer is a long-standing problem, especially for the nonlinear optical properties. We have implemented a spin-adapted Coupled Cluster with singles and doubles excitation with local molecular orbital approach. As a first application, we evaluate the static polarizability of conjugated polyene chains with finite field approach. It is found that the local molecular orbital approach can tremendously reduce the computational costs at sufficiently high accuracy. It is also found that the electron correlation can largely reduce the molecular polarizability with respect to the Hartree-Fock mean field results.     

一些含氮杂环的脱氢松香酸甲酯衍生物的合成

以歧化松香为原料,将其纯化得到脱氢松香酸,用硫酸二甲酯酯化后,通过12位溴代、7位氧化、脱异丙基硝化等步骤,得到了3个重要的中间体.该3个中间体分别经过亲核取代、还原关环反应后,得到了一些脱氢松香酸甲酯含氮杂环衍生物;产物结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱和元素分析进行了表征.     

鱼、贝类等水产品中全氟化合物分析方法的研究

以高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)方法测定了鱼和贝类常见水产品样品中的9种全氟化合物。鱼和贝类样品前处理采用碱消解后固相萃取的方法,并选取WAX(Oasis,Waters)作为固相萃取柱,洗提液经N2浓缩定容后用HPLC-MS/MS检测。方法对标准的回收率为97.6%~120.8%,并且对实际样品也得到了很好的回收效果;除贝类样品中PFDoDA和PFTA回收率较低外,对鱼肉和贝类样品的加标回收实验都取得了较为满意的结果。目标物的分离采用Acclaim 120 C18反相柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以CH3OH和50 mmol/L NH4Ac为淋洗液进行二元梯度淋洗,10 min内即可完成对全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和7种全氟羧酸(C7~C12,C14)的分析,方法对样品中9种分析物的检出限可达到0.16~2.0 ng/g(10μL进样)。     

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of a Novel Birnessite Oxide Cs0.24MnO2

The synthesis of a novel birnessite structure manganese oxide, Cs0.24MnO2, via a modified sol-gel route is reported in this work. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, and magnetic susceptibility. It is found that Cs0.24MnO2 crystallizes in a monoclinic phase with a nanosheet morphology. With lowering the temperature, Cs0.24MnO2 shows an antiferromagnetic transition at about 43.8 K, which is different from its paramagnetic K-counterpart. The effective moment of Mn ions in Cs0.24MnO2 is determined to be 4.2 μB, indicating a mixed valence of Mng＋/Mn3＋.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Crystal Structure Determination of a Thiocyanato Bridged One-dimensional Polymeric Complex of Cadmium（Ⅱ）

A new one-dimensional polymeric complex [Cd（SCN）2（H2O）]L （L = N,N′-bis（furan- 2-ylmethylene）hydrazine） has been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV spectra, TG-DTA technique and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in triclinic, pace group P1^- with a = 5.9268（8）, b = 10.8678（15）, c = 13.3671（19） A, α = 109.295（2）, β = 95.092（2）, γ = 97.8580（10）°, V = 796.70（19）A^3, Z = 2, C12H10CdN4O3S2, Mr = 434.76, μ = 1.648 mm^-1, Dc = 1.812 g/cm^3, F（000） = 428, R = 0.0308 and wR = 0.0769. The crystal structure reveals that the structure of [Cd（SCN）2（H2O）]n features di-μ-1,3-thiocyante bridges and 1D chains. The octahedrally coordinated Cd atom is surrounded by one oxygen atom from water molecule, three S atoms and two N atoms from five di-μ-1,3 thiocyanato bridges. The Cd atoms are connected by two di-μ-1,3 thiocyanato bridges with the Cd（1）…Cd（1A） separation of 4.239（1） A and Cd（1）...Cd（1B） of 5.852（1）/~. In addition, the one-dimensional straight chain structure is further connected by multiform intermolecular N-H…O hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions to form a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.     

通过RAFT聚合制备SiO2/接枝共聚物纳米杂化粒子

以二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子表面键接的二硫代苯甲酸酯作为可逆加成-断裂-链转移(RAFT)聚合反应的链转移剂, 在室温下引发苯乙烯和马来酸酐进行表面RAFT交替共聚反应, 制得了SiO2/苯乙烯-alt-马来酸酐杂化材料. 通过聚氧化乙烯(PEO)的羟基与马来酸酐的酯化反应, 将PEO接枝到SiO2纳米粒子的表面, 增加了硅粒子的生物相容性. 用FTIR, TGA和TEM对杂化材料的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征.     

A simple and rapid route for synthesizing the nanosized g-C3N4 materials with narrow bandgap and their photocatalytic activity

The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) materials with many intriguing properties have attracted much attention in photocatalysis. The photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ is hindered by serious aggregation and limited exposed active sites. Herein is shown that nanosized g-C₃N₄ can be simply obtained by a superfast high-pressure homogenization approach. The high-pressure homogenization treatment can provide strong force to cut and/or to exfoliate the bulk g-C₃N₄ into nanosized g-C₃N₄ with good dispersion. Moreover, choosing different solvents during treatment can cause a different surface structure of as-prepared nanosized g-C₃N₄. In addition, the narrow bandgap properties, the high photogenerated charge carrier separation, and the transport abilities are achieved in as-prepared nanosized g-C₃N₄ because of the retaining conjugated C₃N₄ system. Specifically, the photocatalytic activities of as-prepared nanosized g-C₃N₄ have been significantly enhanced in terms of degradation of organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation (10 times higher than that of bulk g-C₃N₄). These findings can provide a promising and simple approach to the exfoliation, nanonization, and surface functionalization of 2D layered materials.     

卤化物固态电解质研究进展

全固态电池因其高能量密度和高安全性而成为具有发展前景的下一代储能技术。开发具有高室温离子电导率、优异化学/电化学稳定性、良好正/负极兼容性的固态电解质是实现全固态电池实用化的关键。卤化物固态电解质因其优异的电化学窗口、高正极稳定性、可接受的室温锂离子电导率等优势,受到了广泛的关注。本文通过对近年来卤化物电解质的相关研究进行总结,综述了该类电解质的组成、结构、离子传导路径及制备方法,并分析了金属卤化物电解质的电导率、稳定性特点,归纳了近年来该电解质在全固态电池中具有代表性的应用,并基于以上总结和分析,指出了卤化物固态电解质的研究难点及发展方向。