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191.
A. J. Maroulis P. D. Akrivos C. P. Hadjiantoniou-Maroulis 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1993,30(4):913-916
Oxidation of the title compounds yields, besides the reported isoimides 3 and/or the amides 4 , also the imides 5 . The observed product dichotomy is considered as the result of an intramolecular nucleophilic attack on the aroyl group, of the pressumed zwitterionic intermediate 2 , by O or N present in the ambident N-aroylimine site of 2 . The results of AM1 calculations agree with the product studies and both permit the formulation of a set of rules correlating structure and selectivity. 相似文献
192.
193.
J.V.P. de OliveiraA.V. Cardona M.T. VilhenaR.C. Barros 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2002,73(1):55-62
We describe a semi-analytical numerical method for coherent isotropic scattering time-dependent radiative transfer problems in slab geometry. This numerical method is based on a combination of two classes of numerical methods: the spectral methods and the Laplace transform (LTSN) methods applied to the radiative transfer equation in the discrete ordinates (SN) formulation. The basic idea is to use the essence of the spectral methods and expand the intensity of radiation in a truncated series of Laguerre polynomials in the time variable and then solve recursively the resulting set of “time-independent” SN problems by using the LTSN method. We show some numerical experiments for a typical model problem. 相似文献
194.
C. Daum L. Hertzberger W. Hoogland R. Jongerius S. Peters P. Van Deurzen V. Chabaud A. Gonzalez-Arroyo B. Hyams H. Tiecke P. Weilhammer A. Dwurazny G. Polok M. Rozanska K. Rybicki M. Turala J. Turnau G. Ascoli H. Backer G. Blanar M. Cerrada H. Dietl J. Gallivan M. Glaubmann R. Klanner E. Lorenz G. Lütjens G. Lutz W. Männer U. Stierlin I. Blakey M. Bowler R. Cashmore J. Loken W. Spalding G. Thompson B. Alper C. Damerell A. Gillman C. Hardwick M. Hotchkiss F. Wickens ACCMOR Collaboration 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1981,10(2):95-100
Muon electron pairs were detected in an Al multiplate spark chamber, exposed to a neutrino beam from the CERN PS. The leptons were not accompanied by other particles, except occasionally by protons. The background came mainly from muon associated π0 production, with one decay gamma lost. It was determined empirically, together with the small contribution from υ e reactions. For electron energies above 2 GeV the background is 5.7±1.5 events, whereas 18 (μe)-candidates have been observed. Hence the effect is established, with a rate of about 10?4 as compared to the muonic reactions above 3 GeV. Charm creation as the origin of this (μe)-production process is excluded; heavy neutral lepton production does not fit the kinematics observed. Instead the events are compatible with the two-body decay of an object with variable invariant mass of order 1 GeV, possibly resulting from axion interactions. 相似文献
195.
196.
A comparison of steady-state evoked potentials to modulated tones in awake and sleeping humans. 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
L T Cohen F W Rickards G M Clark 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》1991,90(5):2467-2479
Steady-state evoked potential responses were measured to binaural amplitude-modulated (AM) and combined amplitude- and frequency-modulated (AM/FM) tones. For awake subjects, AM/FM tones produced larger amplitude responses than did AM tones. Awake and sleeping responses to 30-dB HL AM/FM tones were compared. Response amplitudes were lower during sleep and the extent to which they differed from awake amplitudes was dependent on both carrier and modulation frequencies. Background EEG noise at the stimulus modulation frequency was also reduced during sleep and varied with modulation frequency. A detection efficiency function was used to indicate the modulation frequencies likely to be most suitable for electrical estimation of behavioral threshold. In awake subjects, for all carrier frequencies tested, detection efficiency was highest at a modulation frequency of 45 Hz. In sleeping subjects, the modulation frequency regions of highest efficiency varied with carrier frequency. For carrier frequencies of 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz, the highest efficiencies were found in two modulation frequency regions centered on 45 and 90 Hz. For 2 and 4 kHz, the highest efficiencies were at modulation frequencies above 70 Hz. Sleep stage affected both response amplitude and background EEG noise in a manner that depended on modulation frequency. The results of this study suggest that, for sleeping subjects, modulation frequencies above 70 Hz may be best when using steady-state potentials for hearing threshold estimation. 相似文献
197.
198.
In this paper, the authors studied certain properties of the estimate of Liang and Krishnaiah (1985, J. Multivariate Anal. 16, 162–172) for multivariate binary density. An alternative shrinkage estimate is also obtained. The above results are generalized to general orthonormal systems. 相似文献
199.
200.
We consider the growth of a spherical crystal in a supersaturatedsolution. In the first part, existence and uniqueness resultsfor radially symmetric growth are obtained, provided that thesupersaturation is not too large; conversely, when the far-fieldsupersaturation exceeds a critical value, it is shown that theradially symmetric solution ceases to exist in finite time.In the second part, we examine the linear stability of a radiallysymmetric similarity solution (in which the radius grows ast?) to shape perturbations. The results are compared with previousquasi-static analyses, and, in particular, the critical radiusat which the crystal becomes unstable is found to be largerfor small supersaturations, but smaller for large supersaturations,than those predicted by the quasi-static analysis 相似文献