全文获取类型
收费全文 | 337631篇 |
免费 | 3197篇 |
国内免费 | 1232篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 175974篇 |
晶体学 | 5695篇 |
力学 | 15098篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
数学 | 36654篇 |
物理学 | 108633篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 2590篇 |
2018年 | 3254篇 |
2017年 | 3145篇 |
2016年 | 5004篇 |
2015年 | 3263篇 |
2014年 | 5113篇 |
2013年 | 14211篇 |
2012年 | 10387篇 |
2011年 | 13060篇 |
2010年 | 8973篇 |
2009年 | 8757篇 |
2008年 | 11957篇 |
2007年 | 11992篇 |
2006年 | 11558篇 |
2005年 | 10669篇 |
2004年 | 9693篇 |
2003年 | 8673篇 |
2002年 | 8527篇 |
2001年 | 9822篇 |
2000年 | 7521篇 |
1999年 | 6028篇 |
1998年 | 5134篇 |
1997年 | 5015篇 |
1996年 | 4786篇 |
1995年 | 4516篇 |
1994年 | 4234篇 |
1993年 | 4302篇 |
1992年 | 4591篇 |
1991年 | 4707篇 |
1990年 | 4441篇 |
1989年 | 4437篇 |
1988年 | 4453篇 |
1987年 | 4364篇 |
1986年 | 4106篇 |
1985年 | 5577篇 |
1984年 | 5903篇 |
1983年 | 4804篇 |
1982年 | 5250篇 |
1981年 | 5018篇 |
1980年 | 4980篇 |
1979年 | 5081篇 |
1978年 | 5270篇 |
1977年 | 5119篇 |
1976年 | 5231篇 |
1975年 | 4884篇 |
1974年 | 4758篇 |
1973年 | 5014篇 |
1972年 | 3351篇 |
1971年 | 2695篇 |
1968年 | 2516篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
A. A. Collyer D. W. Clegg M. Morris D. G. Parker G. W. Wheatley G. C. Corfield 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1991,29(2):193-200
High molecular weight alternating block copolymers of polyethesulphone (PES) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were prepared by the condensation of dimethylamino-terminated PDMS oligomers and hydroxy-terminated PES oligomers in 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Microphase separation of the block copolymers at exceptionally short block lengths was observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Si? O? C intersegment linkage in these materials appeared to display poor hydrolytic stability which is contrary to results obtained for other block copolymers. 相似文献
992.
Deuterium NMR investigations are presented on members of two new mesogenic series derived from the naturally occurring stereoisomers myo- and scW/o-inositol. Tetraethers of these two series exhibit thermotropic columnar phases in which the columns are apparently formed by stacked hydrogen bonded dimers of these molecules which chemically are vicinal diols. Deuterium NMR measurements were performed on the tetraoctyl homologues 2e (a cis diol) and 3e (a trans diol) of these series. We have investigated mixtures of these diols with small amounts of benzene-d6 as probe molecules as well as samples of the neat diol compounds deuteriated at their hydroxyl groups. The results obtained show that the mesophases of both compounds are uniaxial and align partially in a magnetic field upon slow cooling from their isotropic liquids. The alignment is with the director parallel to the field direction indicating that the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of this mesophase is positive. The deuterium quadrupole splitting of the benzene-d6 probe in both systems is temperature dependent and in the trans diol 3e it even changes sign. This is interpreted in terms of a model in which the benzene-d6 probe equilibrates rapidly between two (or more) solvation sites with quadrupole splittings of opposite signs The deuterium spectra of the neat deuterium labelled cis diol 2e exhibit two different signals due to the two deuterons which are located at the axial and equatorial hydroxyl groups. This indicates that there is no fast intra- or intermolecular exchange of the hydroxyl hydrogens. The overall quadrupole splittings of the hydroxyl deuterons in this compound are highly reduced compared to their static values and this is interpreted in terms of motional modes involving both reorientation of the hydroxyl deuterons about their C-O axis and overall reorientation of the molecules (or pairs of molecules) around the columnar axes. The corresponding spectra of the neat deuteriated trans diol 3e exhibit a single spectrum indicating that both hydroxyl deuterons in this compound are equivalent, or very nearly so. Within the mesophase region the spectrum undergoes gradual changes due to the increase in the molecular mobility, but the overall motional narrowing is less than in the cis isomer 2e. Apparently due to stronger hydrogen bonding in the trans isomer 3e the precession of the hydroxyl groups is hindered and a fast molecular reorientation is only possible at high temperatures. 相似文献
993.
Oscillatory change of pH occurs during the chromate-catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in a weakly acidic medium at elevated temperature and at high initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide. In a closed system, there are only two or three periods, but sustained oscillation occurs in a CSTR. In a CSTR bistability is also found. In closed systems the temperature exhibits a great maximum (up to 15°C increase), in a CSTR sustained oscillation occurs at a constant stationary temperature. 相似文献
994.
V. Vittoria R. Russo F. De Candia P. L. Magagnini B. Bresci 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1991,29(9):1163-1168
The transport properties of a side-chain liquid-crystalline polymer forming a smectic A phase have been investigated using dichloromethane as a permeant. Samples differing in the isotropization enthaoly were analyzed. A. Correlation between this thermal parameter and sorption has been found, while the diffusion coefficient is substantially the same in all samples. The results obtained can be explained in terms of a biphasis model in which a disordered permeable phase is present within the liquid-crystalline phase, which is impermeable to the diffusant molecules. 相似文献
995.
It is shown that in a poroacoustic Biot layer placed inside an elastic medium, for any parameters of the model an interference slow wave exists. For low frequencies, the wave has very weak attenuation and the polarization of it coincides with the direction of the layer. This is evidence for the possibility of mapping subtle collectors inside an elastic medium in crosshole measurements. Bibliography: 7 titles. 相似文献
996.
Übersicht Die Simulation steifer Differentialgleichungssysteme sehr hoher Ordnung durch implizite Runge-Kutta-Verfahren (gelegentlich auch nach Padé benannt) ist global weitgehend theoretisch geklärt. Bei der konkreten Behandlung von Aufgaben der nichtlinearen Strukturdynamik ist man jedoch zu vielfältigen Zusatzüberlegungen genötigt, um zu vertretbaren Rechenzeiten zu gelangen. Anknüpfend an die bewährte gleichgradige quadratische Padé-Entwicklung oder auch kubische Interpolation am System 1. Ordnung wird die Konvergenzbeschleunigung durch Extrapolation der Nichtlinearitäten belegt. Weiterhin werden Phänomene der modalen Reduktion beim Zusammenwirken verschiedener Steifigkeiten aufgezeigt.
Finite elements in time with extrapolation in nonlinear structural dynamics
Summary Today the theory of integrating stiff differential equations of high order by implicit Runge-Kutta methods (sometimes called Padé approximations) is developed very well especially concerning global properties. Nevertheless, additional considerations must be done in order to minimize the numerical effort when special problems from nonlinear structural dynamics are to be solved. Using a quadratic Padé-approximation or a cubic interpolation for the first-order-system it is shown that the rate of convergence profits from extrapolating the nonlinearities. Some observations and comments on modal reduction for problems characterized by multiple stiffnesses are added.相似文献
997.
Summary Glass formation in nature and materials science is reviewed and the recent recognition of polymorphism within the glassy state,
polyamorphism, is discussed. The process by which the glassy state originates during the continuous cooling or viscous slowdown
process, is examined and the three canonical characteristics of relaxing liquids are correlated through the fragility. The
conversion of strong liquids to fragile liquids by pressure-induced coordination number increases is discussed, and then it
is shown that for the same type of system it is possible to have the same conversion accomplished via a first-order transition
within the liquid state. The systems in which this can happen are of the same type which exhibit polyamorphism, and the whole
phenomenology can be accounted for by a recent simple modification of the van der Waals model for tetrahedrally bonded liquids.
The concept of complex amorphous systems which can lose a significant number of degrees of freedom through weak first-order
transitions is then used to discuss the relation between native and denatured hydrated proteins, since the latter have much
in common with plasticized chain polymer systems. Finally, we close the circle by taking a short-time-scale phenomenon given
much attention by protein physicists,viz., the onset of an anomaly in the Debye-Waller factor with increasing temperature, and showing that for a wide variety of liquids,
including computer-simulated strong and fragile ionic liquids, this phenomenon is closely correlated with the experimental
glass transition temperature. This implies that the latter owes its origin to the onset of strong anharmonicity in certain
components of the vibrational density of states (evidently related to the boson peak) which then permits the system to gain
access to its configurational degrees of freedom. The more anharmonic these vibrational components, the closer to the Kauzmann
temperature will commence the exploration of configuration space and, for a given configurational microstate degeneracy, the
more fragile the liquid will be.
Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
V. Formisano G. Bellucci A. Grigoriev A. Coradini J. P. Bibring 《Il Nuovo Cimento C》1992,15(6):1113-1119
Summary Multispectral imaging of planets opens a new class of studies of atmospheric and surface signatures. With ISM experiment on
board Phobos, the first IR multispectral imaging of Mars from space was achieved. In viem of the Future Omega experiment on
board Mars 94, we present here a sample of data and results (and problems) which can be achieved by studying spectral reflectance.
Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990. 相似文献