A Simple Bi-directional Mode Expansion Propagation Algorithm Based on Modes of a Parallel-plate Waveguide

The bi-directional mode expansion propagation algorithm (BEP) is known to be an accurate and efficient method for modelling field distribution in high-index contrast waveguide structures with strong back-reflections like Bragg gratings and photonic crystals. The main difficulty of this method is that for lossy structures, the propagation constants of modes are to be searched in the complex plane. To speed-up this procedure, a two-step algorithm for eigenmode calculation based on the expansion into the modes of an empty metallic waveguide has recently been proposed. Proper truncation rules possessing good convergence of the expansion method for both TE and TM modes have also been recently published. In this contribution, both these approaches are combined in the development of an extremely simple version of the two-dimensional BEP method that makes use of the field expansion into the eigenmodes of a parallel-plate waveguide. The method is strictly reciprocal and appeared to be computationally reliable also for strongly lossy structures. High numerical stability is ensured using the scattering matrix formalism, and an efficient method of calculating Bloch modes for symmetric as well as asymmetric periodic waveguide structures is adopted. A wide range of applicability of the method is demonstrated by a few examples.     

New Einstein-Maxwell fields of Levi-Civita’s type

The method based on the Horsky-Mitskievitch conjecture is applied to the Levi-Civita vacuum metric. It is shown, that every Killing vector is connected with a particular class of Einstein-Maxwell fields and each of those classes is found explicitly. Some of the obtained classes are quite new. Radial geodesic motion in constructed space-times is discussed and graphically illustrated in the Appendix.     

Interdiffusion in the Co-Ni system-I concentration penetration curves and interdiffusion coefficients

The interdiffusion in the Co-Ni system has been investigated in the temperature range of 950 to 1150 °C, by means of diffusion specimens of pure Co and Ni. The concentration curvesN(x, t) obtained with the aid of an JXA-3 A JEOL electron microprobe were evaluated using the smoothing cubic spline method by means of the Boltzmann-Matano equation. The obtained interdififusion coefficient values ¯D increase with the increasing Ni concentration and satisfy the Arrhenius equation at temperaturesH 990 °C. At lower temperatures the influence of high diffusivity paths may be effective, resulting in higher ¯D values. No expressive influence of atomic (Ni₃Co) or magnetic order on the interdiffusion has been detected. The activation enthalpyH values were found almost concentration independent. A Kirkendall effect study has been carried out with positive results which are presented in Part II of this paper. A new method for the determination of diffusants concentration in the Kirkendall plane was proposed. With the use of this method and of Darken equations the intrinsic diffusion coefficients were calculated. These results are given in Part III.     

Soft X-ray transition matrix elements: The role of approximation of the valence states

The coordinate, momentum and potential forms of the interband transitions matrix elements are equivalent when the initial and the final states are exactly known. For the soft X-ray transitions we assume exact core states, and approximate valence states. Then the three different forms of the matrix elements are no longer equivalent and are related by new, more general expressions. From these the qualitative conclusions regarding the appropriate form of the approximated valence states are derived. It turns out, that the orthogonalization of the approximate valence wave function to the core states is very important for the correct behaviour of the photon energy dependence of the soft X-ray emission. These results are illustrated by simple numerical examples.     

Dislocations in plastically deformed Fe-3% Si alloy single crystals

The plastic deformation of Fe-3%Si alloy single crystals made from the melt is studied by the method of etching of dislocations. At a room-temperature and at static stress deformation by slip occurs in the 1/2〈111〉 directions along planes of maximum resolved shear stress. The plastic properties are determined by the motion of screw dislocations which cause the broadening of slip bands.     

Theory of tamm surface states in approximation higher than tight-binding approximation

The influence of the non-zero value of exchange integrals between Wannier functions, localized in non-neighbouring elementary cells (higher approximation than tight-binding), on the conditions of existence of Tamm surface states and the position of the energy level corresponding to the surface state is shown.

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This paper is part of M. Tomáek's candidate's thesis.     

The temperature vibrations of urea molecules

The structural and dynamic parameters of urea at 112°K and 295°K were determined by the least squares method. The characteristic temperature of the torsional optical vibrations of a molecule about a C-O bond was determined and is in good agreement with the value determined by Raman scattering. The fractional X-coordinate of the nitrogen atom corrected for torsional vibrations was determined and it was found that the magnitude of the projection of the C-N bond in the given temperature range changes only within the limits of observational errors. A new method, called temperature difference synthesis, is described and it is shown that it is suitable for rapid qualitative determination of the thermal anisotropy of the vibrations of atoms in a crystal lattice.

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112°K 295°K. C-O , , . X- , C-N . , , , .

     

Complexation of Eu3+ with cone conformers of three substituted calix[4]arenes in nitrobenzene saturated with water

From extraction experiments and $ \gamma Accurate knowledge of the trace elemental concentrations in wheat and its products is of great importance from a nutritional point of view. In this study, six wheat samples were prepared from the agriculture research center of Arak named Sardari, Amir, MV-17, Batava, Karaj-2 and Alvand; they were analyzed by neutron activation method (NAA). In this method, Isfahan miniature reactor as a neutron source and relative NAA method has been used as the analysis type. In this design in order to record gamma spectrum the MCA system and high purity germanium detector were used. Finally, the concentration of the trace elements such as Br, K and Na value was determined for the Sardari, Amir, Alvand, MV-17, Batava, Karaj-2 wheat samples. The average concentration of trace elements in all wheat samples in the studied area are 2.41(0.8597?6.1175) mg kg^?1 for Br, 13.42(8.7063?24.696) mg kg^?1 for Na and 463.30(434.22?505.45) mg kg^?1 for K, respectively. These were compared with other reports results. This study has been conducted as the first time for this region.