Novel example of a chain structure formed by 1,4-dioxane and cobalt(II) links. Chain [Co3(mu-OOCCF3)4(mu-H2O)2(OOCCF3)2(H2O)2(C4H8O2)].2C4H8O2

The trimer [Co3(mu-OOCCF3)4(mu-H2O)2(OOCCF3)2(H2O)2(C4H8O2)].2C4H8O2. (1) is composed of three tetragonally distorted Co(II) centers bridged by four trifluoroacetates and two bridging water molecules. 1,4-Dioxane is coordinated at a distance of 2.120(3) A from the terminal cobalt Co2; the remaining oxygen of this 1,4-dioxane links the terminal cobalt to a neighbor trimer, forming a one-dimensional chain. The crystal structure displays a network of hydrogen bonds between four noncoordinated 1,4-dioxane molecules and the coordinated terminal water molecules. The magnetic properties of 1 were analyzed with the use of the Hamiltonian including isotropic exchange interactions between real spins of a high-spin Co(II), spin-orbit coupling and a low-symmetry crystal field acting within the (4)T(1g) ground manifold of each cobalt ion. A weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between cobalt ions in 1 was found. The results of the magnetic model are in good agreement with the experimental observations.     

Fluorophores of lipofuscin granules responsible for human eye fundus autofluorescence

Individual fluorophores and/or their groups contained in a chloroform extract of lipofuscin granules isolated from retinal pigment epithelium of human cadaver eyes were studied by HPLC. Their spectral characteristics were studied, which made it possible to evaluate the contribution of particular fluorophores and/or their groups to the general image of human eye fundus autofluorescence. Many components, being conjugates of all-trans-retinal of different nature, contribute to the total fluorescence spectrum of the chloroform extract. The fluorophore A2E is not predominant.     

Angular pattern of minijet transverse energy flow in hadron and nuclear collisions

The azimuthal asymmetry of a minijet system produced at the early stage of nucleon–nucleon and nuclear collisions in a central rapidity window is studied. We show that in pp collisions the minijet transverse energy production in a central rapidity window is essentially unbalanced in the azimuth due to asymmetric contributions in which only one minijet hits the acceptance window. We further study the angular pattern of the transverse energy flow generated by the semihard degrees of freedom at the early stage of high energy nuclear collisions and its dependence on the number of semihard collisions in the models both including and neglecting soft contributions to the inelastic cross section at RHIC and LHC energies as well as on the choice of the infrared cutoff. Received: 19 January 1999 / Revised version: 18 February 2000 / Published online: 26 July 2000     

On the Limit Lognormal and Other Limit Log-Infinitely Divisible Laws

The limit log-infinitely divisible multifractals of Muzy and Bacry (Phys. Rev. E 66:056121, 2002) are reviewed and shown to possess novel invariance relations that translate into functional Feynman-Kac equations for the corresponding probability distributions. In the special case of the limit lognormal process of Mandelbrot (in Statistical Models and Turbulence, M. Rosenblatt, C. Van Atta (Eds.), Springer, New York, 1972), the limit distribution is represented exactly in an operator form using the technique of intermittency expansions. A novel representation for the Mellin transform of the limit distribution is derived and related to the Hurwitz zeta function. For application, the cumulants of the logarithm of the limit lognormal distribution are computed explicitly.     

Limit Lognormal Multifractal as an Exponential Functional

The limiting distribution of the limit lognormal multifractal, first introduced by Mandelbrot (Statistical Models and Turbulence, M. Rosenblatt and C. Van Atta, eds., Lecture Notes in Physics 12, Springer, New York, 1972, p. 333) and constructed explicitly by Bacry et al. (Phys. Rev. E 64, 026103 (2001)), is investigated using its Laplace transform. A partial differential equation for the Laplace transform is derived and it is shown that multifractality alone does not determine the limiting distribution. The increments of the limit multifractal process are strongly stochastically dependent. The precise nature of this stochastic dependence structure of increments (SDSI) is the determining characteristic of the limiting distribution. The SDSI of the limit process is quantified by means of two integro-differential relations obtained by renormalization in the sense of Leipnik (J. Aust. Math. Soc. B 32, 327–347 (1991)). One is interpreted as a counterpart of the star equation of Mandelbrot and the other is shown to be an analogue of the classical Girsanov theorem. In the weak intermittency limit an approximate single-variable equation for the Laplace transform is obtained and successfully tested numerically by simulation.     

Coulomb blockade of proximity effect at large conductance

We consider the proximity effect in a normal dot coupled to a bulk superconducting reservoir by the tunnel contact with large normal conductance. Coulomb interaction in the dot suppresses the proximity minigap induced in the normal part of the system. We find exact expressions for the thermodynamic and tunneling minigaps as functions of the junction's capacitance. The tunneling minigap interpolates between its proximity-induced value in the regime of weak Coulomb interaction to the Coulomb gap in the regime of strong interaction. In the intermediate case a nonuniversal two-step structure of the tunneling density of states is predicted. The charge quantization in the dot is also studied.     

Solitons in nonintegrable systems

We introduce the concept of this special focus issue on solitons in nonintegrable systems. A brief overview of some recent developments is provided, and the various contributions are described. The topics covered in this focus issue are the modulation of solitons, bores, and shocks, the dynamical evolution of solitary waves, and existence and stability of solitary waves and embedded solitons.     

Angular pattern of minijet transverse energy flow in hadron and nuclear collisions

bstract The azimuthal asymmetry of a minijet system produced at the early stage of nucleon-nucleon and nuclear collisions in a central rapidity window is studied. We show that, in pp collisions, the minijet-transverse-energy production in a central rapidity window is essentially unbalanced in azimuth because of asymmetric contributions in which only one minijet hits the acceptance window. We further study the angular pattern of the transverse-energy flow generated by semihard degrees of freedom at the early stage of high-energy nuclear collisions and its dependence on the number of semihard collisions in the models either including or neglecting soft contributions to the inelastic cross section at RHIC and LHC energies, as well as on the choice of infrared cutoff. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 65, No. 5, 2002, pp. 918–929. Original English Text Copyright ? 2002 by Leonidov, Ostrovsky. This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

Stable maps of Polish spaces

We define the notions of stable and transquotient maps and study the relation between these classes of maps. The class of stable maps contains all closed and open maps and their compositions. The transquotient maps preserve the property of being a Polish space, and every stable map between separable metric spaces is transquotient.

In particular, a composition of closed and open maps (the intermediary spaces may not be metric) preserves the property of being a Polish space. This generalizes the results of Sierpinski and Vainstein for open and closed maps.

     

Theoretical premises for experimental verification of the deviations from the wannier threshold behaviour

The Wannier [1] theory describes the escape of two electrons from a charged core in the threshold domain. Its modification [3] is applied to some features of the double escape processes which were not analyzed previously in due extent. The behaviour of the total cross sections for a small, but finite, energy excessE above the threshold is described incorporating the deviations from the well known Wannier power law. The processes with the escape of electron and positron from the core are also considered. The energy dependence of the spin asymmetryA in (e, 2e) collisions is analyzed in connection with the recent experimental data (which seem to manifest some dependenceA(E) in the near-threshold domain contrary to the conventional Wannier theory). The theory suggests the requirements for the accuracy of the experiments intended to verify the Wannier threshold laws and detect the deviations from them.