Electrophilic substitution in n-aryl-2-pyrazolines: Reactions with 1,3-dithioles

Dyes that absorb at 525–580 nm were obtained by the reaction of derivatives of 1,3-dithiolium iodide (or perchlorate) with 1-phenyl-3,5-di-R-2-pyrazolines, N,N-dimethylaniline, and benzaldehyde N-methylphenylhydrazone. It was demonstrated by alternative synthesis that the reaction takes place in the para position of the N-phenyl group. Dyes can be obtained in two steps from 2-dimethylamino-1,3-dithioles and activated aromatic compounds with subsequent oxidation of the intermediate leuco compounds with air oxygen.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1245–1250, September, 1981.     

Reaction of 1,2-Diamino-4,5-diphenylimidazole with 1,3-Diarylpropenones and Their Dibromo Derivatives

The reaction of 1,2-diamino-4,5-diphenylimidazole with 1,3-diarylpropenones and 1,3-diaryl-2,3-dibromopropenones gives dihydro- and heteroaromatic derivatives of 6-hydroxyimidazopyrimidines and also imidazopyrimidines which do not contain the 6-hydroxy group. It was found that the structure of the products depended on the conditions for carrying it the reaction.     

Conformational analysis of 5,6-dihydropyrimidine and its derivatives

The equilibrium geometry and inversion barriers of 5,6-dihydropyrimidine, 6,7-dihydroazolopyrimidines with node nitrogen atoms and their alkyl (Me, Et, Prⁱ, Bu^t) and phenyl derivatives were calculated using a molecular mechanics approach. Annelation with azole cycles and the introduction of substituents have a slight effect on the equilibrium conformation of the dihydrocycle (distorted sofa). Alkyl substutuents at saturated carbons have an essentially equatorial orientation in 5,6-dihydropyridimine derivatives and are axial in the annelated analogs. On the other hand, the equatorial conformers are more stable in phenyl derivatives of dihydroazolopyrimidines. Factors determining the relative stability of conformers were analyzed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 487–491, March, 1995.     

Synthesis of 3-aryl-3a-phenylindano[2,1-d]-oxazolidine-2,4-diones

2-Phenylindan-1,3-dione reacts with aryl isocyanates in benzene in the presence of catalytic amounts of triethylamine with the formation of 3-aryl -3a-phenylindano-[2,1-d]oxazolidine-2,4-diones. In pyridine, this reaction leads to 2-arylcarbamoyl-2-phenylindan-1,3-dione.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 612–615, May, 1985.     

Oxidation of 1-aminobenzimidazoles. Synthesis and properties of 1,1′-azobenzimidazoles

1-Amino-2-R-benzimidazoles are oxidized by lead tetraacetate to give, depending on the substituent in the 2-position, either to 1,1-azobenzimidazoles (R=H, CH₃, C₆H₅, Cl, N(CH₃)₂) or 3-R-benzo-1,2,4-triazines (R=NH₂, NHCH₃, NHC₆H₅, OH). The factors affecting the course of the reaction are discussed. The physicochemical properties of the 1,1-azobenzimidiazoles obtained have been examined.For preliminary communication, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1486–1499, November, 1989.     

Dipole moments of selenophene analogs of the chalcones

The dipole moments of 24 selenophene analogs of the chalcones have been measured and have been compared with the data calculated by a vectorial additive scheme and also with their chemical structures. Considerations are expressed on the conformational state of the molecules of the compounds investigated. The existence of a correlation between the dipole moments the intramolecular distances, and the Hammett's -parameters has been shown. The applicability of Higashi's equation to the calculation of for , -unsaturated ketones is pointed out.     

Reaction of 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenedl4mine with 1-(4-R-phenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propenones

By the reaction of 4-nitro-1,2 phenylenediamine with 1-(p-R-phenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propenones, Michael adducts with a 1:2 composition have been obtained. A stagewise scheme is proposed for the formation of these compounds. The structure of one of the products has been established by means of x-ray structure analysis.Deceased     

Transport phenomena in a plane shock wave

With the use of the nonpolynomial closure 1/ _z in the Mott-Smith approximation of the solution of the Boltzmann equation, we obtain a value of the density gradient in the limit of a very weak shock wave that is close to the correct value. For the determination of the transverse temperature gradient we calculated the _x ² / _z moment of the Mott-Smith collision integral. The effective values of viscosity and thermal conductivity in the limit of a very weak shock wave were calculated for inverse-power potentials and found to agree almost exactly with the Chapman-Enskog values. Such a comparison can serve as a criterion for the evaluation of different bimodal theories. Various bimodal theories give different values of viscosity and thermal conductivity, but all of them give 33 % too high a value of the Eucken ratio.     

The wave logic of consciousness: A hypothesis

A physical model is proposed for volitional decision making. It is postulated that consciousness reducesdoubt states of the brain into labels by a quantum-mechanical measurement act offree choice. Elementary doubt states illustrate analogical encodement of information having insufficient resolution from a classical viewpoint. Measures ofcertitude (inner conviction) and doubt are formulated. Adequate propositions for nonclassical statements, e.g., Hamlet's soliloquy, are constructed. A role is proposed for the superposition principle in imagination and creativity. Experimental predictions are offered for positive and negative interference of doubts. Necessary criteria are made explicit for doubting sense information.Wholeness of perception is illustrated using irreducible, unitary representations ofn-valued logics. The interpreted formalism includes nonclassical features of doubt, e.g., scalor representations for imprecise propositions and state changes due to self-reflection. The liar paradox is resolved. An internal origin is suggested for spinor dichotomies, e.g., true-false and good-bad, analogous to particle production.Translated by Valentin Turchin, with editorial assistance by Eddie Oshins; abstract supplied by Eddie Oshins.