New Approaches to Synthesizing Electroactive Polymers

The chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in a heterophase system is studied. In the presence of a solid substrate, the aniline polymerization involves two kinetically and chemically independent processes, namely, the polymerization in the bulk solution and at the substrate surface. The growth of the polyaniline coating at the substrate surface includes three successive processes: interfacial polymerization, adsorptive polymerization, and destruction of the polymer chain. The interfacial oxidative polymerization of diphenylamine and phenothiazine is examined. The yield and chemical structure of polymers is shown to depend on the polymerization conditions.     

Interaction of polyanions with electroneutral liposomes in a slightly acidic medium

In this study, the interaction between poly(styrene sulfonic acid), polyacrylic acid, poly(meth-acrylic acid), poly(L-glutamic acid), poly(vinyl sulfate), and ternary copolymer of styrene with maleic anhydride and methacrylic acid (3: 2: 1), as well as DNA with lipid vesicles composed of zwitterion (electroneutral) lipid phosphatidylcholine, has been investigated. The methods of centrifuge ultrafiltration and dynamic light scattering reveal that, at pH 4.2, all polyacids under study are effectively adsorbed on the phospholipid membrane. The polymer-membrane complex is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in addition to electrostatic bonds. Even though, to a greater or lesser extent, all polyacids are capable of undergoing adsorption on the membrane in a slightly acidic medium, their effect on the membrane permeability is substantially different and is correlated with the ability of a polymer to form multiple interactions with phospholipid molecules. Poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), poly(styrene sulfonic acid), and the ternary copolymer of styrene with maleic anhydride and methacrylic acid can produce the membrane pores that are permeable to low-molecular-mass compounds. At the same time, poly(L-glutamic acid), poly(vinyl sulfate), and DNA exert no effect on the membrane permeability, although they are sorbed on the membrane surface.     

Reaction of 3-Benzoyl-2,3-dibromopropionic Acid with Substituted ortho-Phenylenediamines

3-Benzoyl-2,3-dibromopropionic acid reacts with 4-substituted o-phenylenediamines to give 3-aryl-2-carboxymethylene-1,2-dihydroquinoxalines.     

Determination of the Isotopic and Elemental Composition of the Core of an Armor-Piercing Projectile

The elemental and isotopic composition of the core material of a hard-core projectile that had fallen onto the ground was studied by secondary-ion mass spectrometry, alpha and gamma spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis. The environmental aspect of the use of depleted uranium ammunition in Yugoslavia is discussed.     

Reactions of 4,7‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds

The reaction of 5,7‐diphenyl‐4,7‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine ( 1 ) with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds 2a‐f led to the formation of the alkylated heterocycles 3a‐f (Figure 1). However, the reaction of 5‐methyl‐7‐phenyl‐4,7‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine ( 5 ) with 2a‐c yielded under the same conditions the triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines 6a‐c (Figure 3). In this case, the alkylation is followed by a cyclocondensation. The structure elucidation of the products is based on ir, ms, ¹H and ¹³C nmr measurements and on an X‐ray diffraction study.     

Effect of free valence on the characteristics of internal rotation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-alkyl radicals

A study of internal rotation in the radicals n-C _n H_2n+1C^·H₂, (2 ≤ n ≤ 7) was carried out for the case of rotation around the bonds not including the radical center. 21 potential functions of internal rotation V(φ) were calculated. The coefficients in V(φ) were shown to depend only on the immediate environment at the bond of rotation. Characteristics of internal rotation in n-alkyl radicals were compared with related parameters of the corresponding alkane molecules. The generalized function V _av(φ) with the coefficients defined only by the position of the bond of rotation in the hydrocarbon chain and possessing the transposition property were proposed. The functions V _av(φ) were recommended for the simulation of the structure and properties of large molecules containing hydrocarbon fragments. This work continues a systematic study on the characteristics of the internal rotation in the n-alkane molecules and the groups containing free valence in n-alkyl radicals.     

Intramolecular cyclization involving O-vinyl or O-vinylketoxime function in a number of pentacyclic triterpenoids in superbasic medium

28-Triphenylmethoxylup-20(29)-ene-2,3-dione dioxime and 18α(H)-oleanane-3β,19β,28-triol upon reaction with acetylene in superbasic medium KOH-DMSO undergo intramolecular cyclization with the formation of products containing 1,2,5-oxadiazole and tetrahydrofuran fragment, respectively.     

Aziridinylketones and their cyclic anils. 12

We have measured the PMR spectra of 5, 7-diaryl-1, 4-diazabicyclo[4. ].O]hept-4-enes. We have studied the structure of the 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-7-phenyl derivative by x-ray diffraction. We show that the six-membered heterocycle has the half-chair form. The 6-H and 7-H protons of the aziridine ring are trans, while the 7-aryl is exo relative to the six-membered ring. Introduction of substituents into the aromatic ring has practically no effect on the geometry of the bicycle.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1117–1124, August, 1994.For Communication 11, see [1].