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61.
In the Capacitated Clustering Problem (CCP), a given set of n weighted points is to be partitioned into p clusters such that, the total weight of the points in each cluster does not exceed a given cluster capacity. The objective is to find a set of p centers that minimises total scatter of points allocated to them. In this paper a new constructive method, a general framework to improve the performance of greedy constructive heuristics, and a problem space search procedure for the CCP are proposed. The constructive heuristic finds patterns of natural subgrouping in the input data using concept of density of points. Elements of adaptive computation and periodic construction–deconstruction concepts are implemented within the constructive heuristic to develop a general framework for building efficient heuristics. The problem-space search procedure is based on perturbations of input data for which a controlled perturbation strategy, intensification and diversification strategies are developed. The implemented algorithms are compared with existing methods on a standard set of bench-marks and on new sets of large-sized instances. The results illustrate the strengths of our algorithms in terms of solution quality and computational efficiency. 相似文献
62.
K. I. Osman S. S. Hassan 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2006,38(3):537-544
The steady state bistable behaviour of a three-level Λ-shape is
examined in the presence of a control field
$({\rm \Omega} +\chi \left( t\right)
e^{i\varphi})$({\rm \Omega} +\chi \left( t\right)
e^{i\varphi})
: Ω is the strong Rabi component,
$\chi \left(
t\right) $\chi \left(
t\right)
is the stochastic part with relative phase ϕ; with
quantum interference between decay channels taken into account. One- and
two-way phase switching effect for the transmitted field against the phase
are predicted at fixed values for the incident input field. Also cooperative
switching effect shows multistable/bistable behaviour. Quantum interference
tends to diminish the dispersive effects responsible for multistable
behaviour (in the input-output relation and the cooperative switching
diagram) and asymmetry (in the phase switching diagram). Equivalence of the
role of the stochastic part of the control field with that of the
“classically” squeezed field is shown to occur only in the absence
of quantum interference. 相似文献
63.
El-Didamony Hamdy Mohammed Mona S. Osman Randa M. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2015,122(1):81-88
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The effect of fired drinking water sludge (FDWS) as a mineral admixture on the physico-mechanical properties and the fire resistance of pozzolanic... 相似文献
64.
Product and Mechanism of Gas‐phase Pyrolysis of 2‐arylidinehydrazinopyrimidines: Interesting Route to Condensed Heterocycles[1]
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Sundus A. Al‐Awadi Maher R. Ibrahim Osman M. E. El‐Dusouqui Nouria A. Al‐Awadi 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2015,52(6):1812-1816
Gas‐phase pyrolysis of N‐arylidine‐N′‐pyrimidin‐2‐yl‐hydrazine derivatives 1a , 1b , 1c , 1d , 1e gave the corresponding arylnitriles 2a , 2b , 2c , 2d , 2e , 2‐aminopyrimidine 3 , 3‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidines 4 , 2‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 5 , 2,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazole 6 , and 2,3‐diphenylquinoline 7 . The analyses of the reaction products are reported and used to elucidate the mechanism of the pyrolytic process. 相似文献
65.
66.
C. F. Mok F. Muhamad N. A. Abu Osman Ramesh Singh 《International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization》2017,22(4):294-304
Poly(vinyl alcohol)-α-chitin composite films reinforced by oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber-derived nanocellulose were prepared by casting technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed partial miscibility between chitin and poly(vinyl alcohol) through hydrogen bonding, as supported by differential scanning calorimetry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Tensile strength of the poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitin films increased with α-chitin content varied from 10 to 30?wt%, which was from 29.06 to 39.27?MPa. With the addition of 1?wt% nanocellulose, a maximum improvement of 57.64 and 50.66% in terms of tensile strength and Young’s modulus was achieved, respectively. 相似文献
67.
68.
Density functional theory and ab initio computations elucidated the ring-opening of substituted (R = –CF3, –CN, –CH3, –H, –NH2, –OCH3, –OH, –SiH3) 1-bromo–1-lithiosilirane 1 and 2-bromo–2-lithiosilirane 2 to LiBr complexes of 2-silaallene and 1-silaallene, respectively. Formally, two competitive pathways can be considered. The ring-opening reaction can take place through a concerted manner via TS3. Alternatively, the reaction may proceed in a stepwise fashion with the intermediacy of a free silacyclopropylidene–LiBr complex 7. In both cases, the position of the substituents determines the kinetic of the reactions. The structures with an electron-donating group are generally unstable, whereas the silacyclopropylidenoids bearing electron-withdrawing substituents are particularly stable species. Here, we propose the ring-opening of 5a–h to corresponding LiBr complexes of 2-silaallenes can proceed in both concerted and stepwise mechanism except for –H, –CH3, and –SiH3. The obtained activation energies for the ring-openings of 5a–h to related 2-silaallenes are too high for a reaction at room temperature with up to 61.4 kcal/mol. In contrast, the activation energy barriers for the isomerization of 6a–h to the LiBr complexes of 1-silaallenes was determined to be relatively low at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), M06/6-31+G(d,p), and MP2/6-31+G(d,p) levels. Moreover, we have also investigated the solvent effect on the unsubstituted models using both implicit and explicit solvation models. The energy barriers of the solvated models are found to be slightly higher than the results of gas phase calculations. Additionally, the ring-opening of dimer 6 (6–Dim) is also calculated for the ring-opening mechanism with the energy barrier of 3.7 kcal/mol at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. 相似文献
69.
Shou-Nian Ding Chun-Mei Li Bu-Hong Gao Osman Kargbo Neng Wan Xi Chen Chan Zhou 《Mikrochimica acta》2014,181(15-16):1957-1963
Fluorescent gold nanoclusters (Au-NCs) were synthesized by a one-pot method using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid as a reducing and capping reagent. It is found that the red fluorescence of the Au-NCs is quenched by the introduction of Eu(III) at pH 7.0, but that fluorescence is restored on addition of phosphate. The Au-NCs were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence photographs. The effect of pH on fluorescence was studied in the range from pH 6 to 10 and is found to be strong. Based on these findings, we have developed an assay for phosphate. Ions such as citrate, Fe(CN)6 3?, SO4 2?, S2O8 2?, Cl?, HS?, Br?, AcO?, NO2 ?, SCN?, ClO4 ?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, Cd2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and glutamate do not interfere, but ascorbate and Fe3+ can quench Au-NCs fluorescence. The fluorescent nanocluster probe responds to phosphate in the range from 0.18 to 250 μM, and the detection limit is 180 nM. The probe also responds to pyrophosphate and ATP. Figure
Off/on fluorescence sensor for phosphate based on Eu3+-modulated Au NCs thanks to the competition of oxygen-donor atoms from phosphate with those from the carboxylate groups was developed 相似文献
70.
Mohamed M. El-Galy Farage A. Issa Osman A. Desouky Hanan M. Diab Mahmoud R. Khattab 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,288(3):805-811
The present study aims to use the ??-spectrometry, at NMA. A radiochemical technique [1, 2] for analysis of U-isotopes was carried out for some granite samples from Gabal Gattar and El Missikat localities and also for some reference soil samples of IAEA. Several steps of sample preparation, radiochemical separation, and source preparation were performed before analysis. The concerned sample was leached by HNO3, HF and H2O2 acids after ashing. The ashed sample was spiked with uranium tracer (232U) for chemical yield and activity calculation. Then uranium was extracted from the matrix elements with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and stripped with 1 M NH4F/0.1 M HCl solution. The uranium fraction was purified by co-precipitation with LaF3 to ensure complete removal of thorium and traces of resolution degrading elements. This was followed by a final clean-up step using an anion exchange. The pure uranium fraction was electrodeposited on a stainless steel disc from HCl/oxalate solution. The obtained results from the soil reference samples indicate general similarities between the techniques of ??-spectrometers of NMA, EAEA and IAEA for analysis of U-isotopes. The U-isotopes in the granite samples of high radioactivity levels need more attempts after dilution process to be in the limit detection of ??-spectrometry. 相似文献