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251.
Completely artificial system was constructed to successfully mimic the photoreaction of bacteria photosynthesis by using a liquid membrane functionalized with n-hexylviologen. This process combined with the CO2 fixation (see Tabushi ., Nature, 256, 60 (1975)) may give a complete artificial photosynthesis system. 相似文献
252.
253.
Okamoto I Funaki W Nakaya K Kotani E Takeya T 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2004,52(6):756-759
The oxygenation reaction of cholesteryl acetate 1 was examined with the Fe(III)(PA)(3)/O(2)/MeCN system using an electrochemical method. The constant potential technique gave mainly the 7-hydroxylated product stereoselectively, along with the 7-oxo product. This oxygenation system is mechanistically unique, requiring iron catalyst, dioxygen, and both cathode and anode. 相似文献
254.
Kanagawa T Hobara R Matsuda I Tanikawa T Natori A Hasegawa S 《Physical review letters》2003,91(3):036805
We have devised a "square micro-four-point probe method" using an independently driven ultrahigh-vacuum four-tip scanning tunneling microscope, and succeeded for the first time to directly measure anisotropic electrical conductance of a single-atomic layer on a solid surface. A quasi-one-dimensional metal of a single-domain Si(111)4 x 1-In had a surface-state conductance along the metallic atom chains (sigma(axially)) to be 7.2(+/-0.6) x 10(-4) S/square at room temperature, which was larger than that in the perpendicular direction (sigma(radially)) by approximately 60 times. The sigma(axially) was consistently interpreted by a Boltzmann equation with the anisotropic surface-state band dispersion, while the sigma(radially) was dominated by a surface-space-charge-layer conductance. 相似文献
255.
256.
Noritaka Kawasegi Noboru Morita Shigeru Yamada Noboru Takano Tatsuo Oyama Sadao Momota Jun Taniguchi Iwao Miyamoto 《Applied Surface Science》2007,253(6):3284-3291
Ion beam lithography of a silicon surface using an Ar ion beam with an ion energy in the order of hundreds of keV is demonstrated in this study. A specially designed ion irradiation facility was employed that enabled generation and irradiation with a highly accelerated and highly charged Ar ion beam. An ion-beam-induced amorphous layer on a silicon substrate can be selectively etched in hydrofluoric acid, whereas, a non-irradiated area is scarcely etched and, consequently, a concave structure can be fabricated on the irradiated area. To control the depth of the structure, parameters for dependence of the depth on ion irradiation were investigated. As a result, the depth of irradiated area can be controlled by the ion energy that is adjusted by the acceleration voltage and the ion charge. In addition, the etch resistance of the irradiated area increases with an increase in ion energy due to the crystalline layer formed on the surface. Simulation results reveal that the depth is strongly related to the defect distribution induced by ion irradiation. These results indicate the potential use of this method for novel three-dimensional lithography. 相似文献
257.
Yoshiyuki Takahashi Nobutoshi Miyasaka Shigeo Tasaka Iwao Miura Shiro Urano Mitsuo Ikura Kunio Hikichi Takeshi Matsumoto Mizu Wada 《Tetrahedron letters》1982,23(49):5163-5166
Structures of the safflower red pigment carthamin and the yellow pigment safflor yellow A are shown to be expressed by 3 and 4 respectively, mainly on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. 相似文献
258.
Matsuda I Liu C Hirahara T Ueno M Tanikawa T Kanagawa T Hobara R Yamazaki S Hasegawa S Kobayashi K 《Physical review letters》2007,99(14):146805
Temperature-dependent electron transport in a metallic surface superstructure, Si(111)sqrt[3] x sqrt[3]-Ag, was studied by a micro-four-point probe method and photoemission spectroscopy. The surface-state conductivity exhibits a sharp transition from metallic conduction to strong localization at approximately 150 K. The metallic regime is due to electron-phonon interaction while the localization seemingly originates from coherency of electron waves. Random potential variations, caused by Friedel oscillations of surface electrons around defects, likely induce strong carrier localization. 相似文献
259.
Yada M Inoue Y Uota M Torikai T Watari T Noda I Hotokebuchi T 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2007,23(5):2815-2823
Sodium titanate nanotube/titanium metal composites were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of titanium metals with various morphologies such as plate, wire, mesh, microsphere, and microtube at 160 degrees C in aqueous NaOH solution and by the subsequent fixation treatment by calcination at 300 degrees C. The surface of the composite was covered with sodium titanate nanotubes with a diameter of approximately 7 nm, and the core part of the composite was titanium metal phase. The raw titanium metal acts as a template or a morphology-directing agent of micrometer size or more to arrange the nanotubes as well as a titanium source for the formation of nanotubes. The concentration of titanium species increases in the reaction solution as the dissolution of titanium metal is accelerated by the reaction between titanium and OH-. Furthermore, with an increase in concentration of titanium species in the reaction solution, the titanium species are re-precipitated as sodium titanate nanotubes onto the titanium metal. Titanium metal with a large surface area and volume can form sodium titanate nanotubes on the surface of the titanium metal, though titanium metal with a small volume and surface area tends to dissolve with the hydrothermal treatment. Even in the synthesis using titanium metal with a small volume and surface area, sodium titanate nanotubes are formed and cover the surface of the titanium metal by adding another titanium metal as a source of titanium species in the reaction solution. 相似文献
260.
The reactivity of nitroxide radical trapping (NRT), where stable nitroxide radicals react with transient carbon-centered radicals to form diamagnetic molecules, was evaluated. This was done with the use of the steric substituent parameter of both radicals by correlation analysis on the basis of the reactivity data determined by Ingold's group. In the case where the transient carbon-centered radicals were not resonance stabilized, the rate constant could be well correlated by using only ΩS parameters of R2NO⋅ and U⋅. If the transient radicals were stabilized by resonance, the parameter to estimate the amount of the resonance stabilization of U⋅ was necessary in the regression equation to evaluate the reactivity correctly. When the spin density, calculated by PM3 UHF molecular orbital calculations, was used as the resonance stabilization parameter, the rate constant could be well evaluated by a dual-parameter regression equation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 215–221, 1998. 相似文献