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121.
Structured emulsion-based delivery systems: Controlling the digestion and release of lipophilic food components 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
There is a need for edible delivery systems to encapsulate, protect and release bioactive and functional lipophilic constituents within the food and pharmaceutical industries. These delivery systems could be used for a number of purposes: controlling lipid bioavailability; targeting the delivery of bioactive components within the gastrointestinal tract; and designing food matrices that delay lipid digestion and induce satiety. Emulsion technology is particularly suited for the design and fabrication of delivery systems for lipids. In this article we provide an overview of a number of emulsion-based technologies that can be used as edible delivery systems by the food and other industries, including conventional emulsions, nanoemulsions, multilayer emulsions, solid lipid particles, and filled hydrogel particles. Each of these delivery systems can be produced from food-grade (GRAS) ingredients (e.g., lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, surfactants, and minerals) using relatively simple processing operations (e.g., mixing, homogenizing, and thermal processing). The structure, preparation, and utilization of each type of delivery system for controlling lipid digestion are discussed. This knowledge can be used to select the most appropriate emulsion-based delivery system for specific applications, such as encapsulation, controlled digestion, and targeted release. 相似文献
122.
Although single cone receptors have been imaged in vivo, to our knowledge there has been no observation of rods in the living normal eye. Using an adaptive optics ophthalmoscope and post processing, evidence of a rod mosaic was observed at 5° and 10° eccentricities in the horizontal temporal retina. For four normal human subjects, small structures were observed between the larger cones and were observed repeatedly at the same locations on different days, and with varying wavelengths. Image analysis gave spacings that agree well with rod measurements from histological data. 相似文献
123.
Iris Abril Martínez-Salazar Julian Molina Francisco Ángel-Bello Trinidad Gómez Rafael Caballero 《European Journal of Operational Research》2014
In this work we consider a Transportation Location Routing Problem (TLRP) that can be seen as an extension of the two stage Location Routing Problem, in which the first stage corresponds to a transportation problem with truck capacity. Two objectives are considered in this research, reduction of distribution cost and balance of workloads for drivers in the routing stage. Here, we present a mathematical formulation for the bi-objective TLRP and propose a new representation for the TLRP based on priorities. This representation lets us manage the problem easily and reduces the computational effort, plus, it is suitable to be used with both local search based and evolutionary approaches. In order to demonstrate its efficiency, it was implemented in two metaheuristic solution algorithms based on the Scatter Tabu Search Procedure for Non-Linear Multiobjective Optimization (SSPMO) and on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) strategies. Computational experiments showed efficient results in solution quality and computing time. 相似文献
124.
Abstract The compounds PbO and LiOD possess the layered, tetragonal B10 structure and the corresponding antistructure respectively at 1 bar. They undergo very different phase transitions at moderate pressure. At 5 kbar, PbO undergoes a slight, reversible distortion to an orthorhombic phase. The structure is probably an expanded NaCl derivative. The high-P LiOD phase begins to grow slowly above 17 kbar. Infrared and Raman data indicate that hydrogen bonding is present in the new phase. Neutron powder data indexed on a monoclinic cell. The structure is likely to be similar to that of T1I and NaOH, distorted by the H-bonding. 相似文献
125.
126.
Andrew Adamatzky Ben De Lacy Costello Julian Holley Jerzy GoreckiLarry Bull 《Chaos, solitons, and fractals》2011,44(7):480-489
Irregular arrangements of vesicles filled with excitable and precipitating chemical systems are imitated by Voronoi automata - finite-state machines defined on a planar Voronoi diagram. Every Voronoi cell takes four states: resting, excited, refractory and precipitate. A resting cell excites if it has at least one neighbour in an excited state. The cell precipitates if the ratio of excited cells in its neighbourhood versus the number of neighbours exceeds a certain threshold. To approximate a Voronoi diagram on Voronoi automata we project a planar set onto the automaton lattice, thus cells corresponding to data-points are excited. Excitation waves propagate across the Voronoi automaton, interact with each other and form precipitate at the points of interaction. The configuration of the precipitate represents the edges of an approximated Voronoi diagram. We discover the relationship between the quality of the Voronoi diagram approximation and the precipitation threshold, and demonstrate the feasibility of our model in approximating Voronoi diagrams of arbitrary-shaped objects and in constructing a skeleton of a planar shape. 相似文献
127.
128.
A (ν, k, k?1) near resolvable block design (NRBD) is r‐rotational over a group G if it admits G as an automorphism group of order (ν?1)/r fixing exactly one point and acting semiregularly on the others. We give direct and recursive constructions for rotational NRBDs with particular attention to 1‐rotational ones. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 157–181, 2001 相似文献
129.
Julian D. Cole 《Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics》1998,10(1-4):91-104
The hodograph method is used to formulate several design problems in transonic flow using small-disturbance theory. Analytical
and numerical methods give solutions to several optimum critical airfoil designs with different constraints on the tail angle.
Special airfoil shapes flying at free-stream Mach number one are designed. The problem of constructing a shock-free body of
revolution at subsonic speed but having a supersonic zone is formulated in the hodograph and solved numerically.
Received 10 January 1997 and accepted 14 April 1997 相似文献
130.
Julian Gevirtz 《Journal d'Analyse Mathématique》1994,64(1):173-202
A condition of the formf′ (D) ⊂R is calleda first-order univalence criterion if all functions for which it holds are univalent inD. By means of a careful analysis of the behavior of the corresponding extremal functions, we establish fundamental principles
for a coherent theory of sharp criteria of this kind. In particular, we examine the relationship between three different concepts
of sharpness and show how large classes of first-order univalence criteria which are sharp in a strong sense may be described
in terms of the univalence properties of families of analytic functions depending on a finite number of parameters.
This research was supported in part by the Chilean government through FONDECYT grant No. 0809-91. 相似文献