On-line coupled extraction and separation using superheated water for the analysis of triazine herbicides in spiked compost samples

An on-line method, with a purely aqueous mobile phase, has employed linked superheated water extraction and superheated water separation for the analysis of triazine herbicides in spiked compost samples. After the superheated water extraction, a X-Terra solid-phase trap was used to collect and focus the extracted analytes. The trapped analytes were then released by thermal desorption and passed directly to a superheated water chromatographic separation using a PGC column. Two clean-up steps (prior to extraction and separation) were included to remove most of the interfering matrix components. The effects of the sample matrix and the extraction temperatures on the recovery of the triazines were investigated. Despite some thermal degradation of the chloro-triazines during the SWE, the on-line SWE-SWC method was sensitive and rapid. The coupled method could potentially reduce costs and labour and by using only water in every stage is compatible with the concepts of green chemistry.     

Quantitative Analysis of Bacoside A from Bacopa monnieri,Collected from Different Geographic Regions of India,by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-Densitometry

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Bacoside A, a triterpenoid saponin, is a major constituent isolated from Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Scrophulariaceae), used as a...     

Chemical composition of volatile oils of Aquilaria malaccensis (Thymelaeaceae) from Malaysia

Volatile oils of Aquilaria malaccensis Benth. (Thymelaeaceae) from Malaysia were obtained by hydrodistillation and subjected to detailed GC-FID and GC/MS analyses to determine possible similarities and differences in their chemical composition in comparison with the commercial oil. A total of thirty-one compounds were identified compared with twenty-nine identified in the commercial oil. The major compounds identified were 4-phenyl-2-butanone (32.1%), jinkoh-eremol (6.5%) and alpha-guaiene (5.8%), while the major compounds in the commercial oil were alpha-guaiene (10.3%), caryophellene oxide (8.6%), and eudesmol (3.2%). The results of the present study showed that more than nine sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were present, which is more than previously reported. Analysis also showed that the number of oxygenated sesquiterpenes in this study were much less than previously reported. Among the compounds detected were alpha-guaiene, beta-agarofuran, alpha-bulnesene, jinkoh-eremol, kusunol, selina-3,11-dien-9-one, oxo-agarospirol and guaia-1 (10), 11-dien-15,2-olide.     

Polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by the redox system peroxydisulphate-isoamyl alcohol catalyzed by silver ion

The polymerization of acrylonitrile in aqueous media initiated by peroxydisulphate-isoamyl alcohol(IAA) redox pair catalyzed by silver ion was studied at low conversion. The polymerization had kinetic orders 1.5 with respect to monomer, 0.6 (peroxydisulphate) and 0.5 (silver ion). The reactions were carried out at various temperatures and the overall activation energy was found to be 5.5 kcal/mol. The effect of certain water-miscible organic solvents was also investigated. A mechanism of initiation is tentatively proposed.     

Polymerization of Acrylonitrile Initiated by the Redox System Peroxydisulfate-Cyclohexanol in the Presence of Silver Ion Catalyst

The kinetics of the polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by the redox system peroxydisulfate-cyclohexanol catalyzed by silver ion has been studied. The rate of polymerization was found to be directly proportional to the first power of monomer concentration and the square roots of peroxydisulfate, cyclohexanol, and silver ion concentrations. The effect of temperature has been investigated in the range of 35 to 60°C and the overall activation energy was found to be 4.6 kcal/mol from the Arrhenius plot. A plausible kinetic scheme has been proposed to account for the observations.