MicroScale thermophoresis (MST) is a rapidly developing bioanalytical technique used routinely for the examination of ligand-target affinity. It has never been used so far for the analysis of acid-base dissociation and the determination of pKa constant. This work is the-proof-of-concept of this new idea. It demonstrates that the pKa values obtained from the thermophoretic data are consistent with the reference methods. As a result, the analytical potential and utility of the MST technology can become even greater, especially if the new detection system of thermophoretic movement will be developed in the future. Even now, taking into account the necessity to use fluorescence, the proposed method may be useful in many respects. 相似文献
CuInSe2 thin films with thicknesses of about 0.1 μm were deposited onto (III) B-oriented GaAs substrates by flash evaporation. At substrate temperatures Tsub = 695–820 K the films have the chalcopprite structure with some admixture of the cubic sphalerite phase. At Tsub > 820 K only the sphalerite phase was found All the films are partly polycrystalline. From the electrical properties it follows that the films are characterized by nearly complete compensation at Tsub = 695–820 K. At Tsub = 870 K the films are p-type conducting and show two acceptor states with ionization energies of about 8 meV and 105 meV. 相似文献
There is growing interest in the detection of bacteria in consumables, for example, in the food and water sectors. In this study, the aim was to produce a polymer-based bacteria biosensor via ROMP (ring opening metathesis polymerization). In the first part of the study, block and random copolymers were synthesized, and their biocidal activities were tested on the glass surface. Interdigitated electrode arrays coated with the polymers possessing the highest activity were used to screen the affinity towards different bacterial strains by monitoring impedance variations in real-time. The polymer-coated electrode could detect gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria strains at a concentration of 107 cfu/mL. The results show that ROMP-based polymer offers bacterial detection and can be used in developing biosensor devices for efficiently detecting pathogenic bacteria. 相似文献
While single-level Nash equilibrium problems are quite well understood nowadays, less is known about multi-leader multi-follower games. However, these have important applications, e.g., in the analysis of electricity and gas markets, where often a limited number of firms interacts on various subsequent markets. In this paper, we consider a special class of two-level multi-leader multi-follower games that can be applied, e.g., to model strategic booking decisions in the European entry-exit gas market. For this nontrivial class of games, we develop a solution algorithm that is able to compute the complete set of Nash equilibria instead of just individual solutions or a bigger set of stationary points. Additionally, we prove that for this class of games, the solution set is finite and provide examples for instances without any Nash equilibria in pure strategies. We apply the algorithm to a case study in which we compute strategic booking and nomination decisions in a model of the European entry-exit gas market system. Finally, we use our algorithm to provide a publicly available test library for the considered class of multi-leader multi-follower games. This library contains problem instances with different economic and mathematical properties so that other researchers in the field can test and benchmark newly developed methods for this challenging class of problems.
We study several fundamental operators in harmonic analysis related to Bessel operators, including maximal operators related to heat and Poisson semigroups, Littlewood–Paley–Stein square functions, multipliers of Laplace transform type and Riesz transforms. We show that these are (vector-valued) Calderón–Zygmund operators in the sense of the associated space of homogeneous type, and hence their mapping properties follow from the general theory. 相似文献
Let Σ be a σ-algebra of subsets of a non-empty set Ω. Let X be a real Banach space and let X* stand for the Banach dual of X. Let B(Σ, X) be the Banach space of Σ-totally measurable functions f: Ω → X, and let B(Σ, X)* and B(Σ, X)** denote the Banach dual and the Banach bidual of B(Σ, X) respectively. Let bvca(Σ, X*) denote the Banach space of all countably additive vector measures ν: Σ → X* of bounded variation. We prove a form of generalized Vitali-Hahn-Saks theorem saying that relative σ(bvca(Σ, X*), B(Σ, X))-sequential compactness in bvca(Σ, X*) implies uniform countable additivity. We derive that if X reflexive, then every relatively σ(B(Σ, X)*, B(Σ, X))-sequentially compact subset of B(Σ, X)c~ (= the σ-order continuous dual of B(Σ, X)) is relatively σ(B(Σ, X)*, B(Σ, X)**)-sequentially compact. As a consequence, we obtain a Grothendieck type theorem saying that σ(B(Σ, X)*, B(Σ, X))-convergent sequences in B(Σ, X)c~ are σ(B(Σ, X)*, B(Σ, X)**)-convergent. 相似文献
We study potential operators (Riesz and Bessel potentials) associated with classical Jacobi and Fourier–Bessel expansions. We prove sharp estimates for the corresponding potential kernels. Then we characterize those 1≤p,q≤∞, for which the potential operators are of strong type (p,q), of weak type (p,q) and of restricted weak type (p,q). These results may be thought of as analogues of the celebrated Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev fractional integration theorem in the Jacobi and Fourier–Bessel settings. As an ingredient of our line of reasoning, we also obtain sharp estimates of the Poisson kernel related to Fourier–Bessel expansions. 相似文献