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131.
We propose a new approach to generate and detect spin currents in graphene, based on a large spin-Hall response arising near the neutrality point in the presence of an external magnetic field. Spin currents result from the imbalance of the Hall resistivity for the spin-up and spin-down carriers induced by the Zeeman interaction, and do not involve a spin-orbit interaction. Large values of the spin-Hall response achievable in moderate magnetic fields produced by on-chip sources, and up to room temperature, make the effect viable for spintronics applications. 相似文献
132.
E. V. Golosov A. A. Ionin Yu. R. Kolobov S. I. Kudryashov A. E. Ligachev Yu. N. Novoselov L. V. Seleznev D. V. Sinitsyn 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2011,113(1):14-26
One-dimensional quasi-periodic nanogratings with spacings in the range from 160 to 600 nm are written on a dry or wet titanium
surface exposed to linearly polarized femtosecond IR and UV laser pulses with different surface energy densities. The topological
properties of the obtained surface nanostructures are studied by scanning electron microscopy. Despite the observation of
many harmonics of the one-dimensional surface relief in its Fourier spectra, a weak decreasing dependence of the first-harmonic
wavenumber (nanograting spacing) on the laser fluence is found. Studies of the instantaneous optical characteristics of the
material during laser irradiation by measuring the reflection of laser pump pulses and their simulation based on the Drude
model taking into account the dominant interband absorption allowed us to estimate the length of the excited surface electromagnetic
(plasmon-polariton) wave for different excitation conditions. This wavelength is quantitatively consistent with the corresponding
nanograting spacings of the first harmonic of the relief of the dry and wet titanium surfaces. It is shown that the dependence
of the first-harmonic nanograting spacing on the laser fluence is determined by a change in the instantaneous optical characteristics
of the material and the saturation of the interband absorption along with the increasing role of intraband transitions. Three
new methods are proposed for writing separate subwave surface nanogratings or their sets by femtosecond laser pulses using
the near-threshold nanostructuring, the forced adjustment of the optical characteristics of the material or selecting the
spectral range of laser radiation, and also by selecting an adjacent dielectric. 相似文献
133.
E. V. Bespala I. Yu. Novoselov A. O. Pavlyuk S. G. Kotlyarevskiy 《Thermophysics and Aeromechanics》2018,25(1):109-117
The paper describes a problem of accumulation of irradiated graphite due to operation of uranium-graphite nuclear reactors. The main noncarbon contaminants that contribute to the overall activity of graphite elements are iso-topes 137Cs, 60Co, 90Sr, 36Cl, and 3H. A method was developed for processing of irradiated graphite ensuring the volu-metric decontamination of samples. The calculation results are presented for equilibrium composition of plasma-chemical reactions in systems “irradiated graphite?argon” and “irradiated graphite?helium” for a wide range of tem-peratures. The paper describes a developed mathematical model for the process of purification of a porous graphite surface treated by equilibrium low-temperature plasma. The simulation results are presented for the rate of sublimation of radioactive contaminants as a function of plasma temperature and plasma flow velocity when different plasma-forming gases are used. The extraction coefficient for the contaminant 137Cs from the outer side of graphite pores was calculated. The calculations demonstrated the advantages of using a lighter plasma forming gas, i.e., helium. 相似文献