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991.
Kimoto T Tanaka K Kawahata M Yamaguchi K Otsubo S Sakai Y Ono Y Ohno A Kobayashi K 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2011,76(12):5018-5025
5,12-Bis(methylthio)tetracene (2) and 5,11-bis(methylthio)tetracene (3) were synthesized. DFT calculations indicate that the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of 2 and 3 are lowered by 0.13-0.24 eV and their HOMO-LUMO energy gaps are reduced by 0.1 eV relative to those of tetracene. X-ray crystallographic data revealed that 2 is arranged as a result of a 1-D slipped-cofacial π-stacking with S-S and S-π interactions, similar to the packing arrangement of 6,13-bis(methylthio)pentacene (1), whereas 3 exhibits a herringbone packing arrangement without S-S interactions. The OFET devices fabricated using spin-coated films of soluble 1 and 2, with a bottom-contact device configuration, exhibited hole mobilities as high as 1.3 × 10(-2) and 4.0 × 10(-2) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) with current on/off ratios of over 10(5) and 10(4), respectively. 相似文献
992.
Kentaro Sato 《Annals of Pure and Applied Logic》2011,162(8):579-646
By obtaining several new results on Cook-style two-sorted bounded arithmetic, this paper measures the strengths of the axiom of extensionality and of other weak fundamental set-theoretic axioms in the absence of the axiom of infinity, following the author’s previous work [K. Sato, The strength of extensionality I — weak weak set theories with infinity, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 157 (2009) 234-268] which measures them in the presence. These investigations provide a uniform framework in which three different kinds of reverse mathematics-Friedman-Simpson’s “orthodox” reverse mathematics, Cook’s bounded reverse mathematics and large cardinal theory-can be reformulated within one language so that we can compare them more directly. 相似文献
993.
Third-harmonic generation of high-intensity, sub-100-fs idler pulses from a Ti:sapphire-laser-pumped optical parametric amplifier is demonstrated by using a single nonlinear crystal of BiB?O? (BIBO). Maximum internal energy conversion as high as 11% from the fundamental to the third harmonic is achieved by phase- and group-velocity matching for the direct cubic nonlinear process together with the velocity-mismatched cascading quadratic processes. 相似文献
994.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (POF) with 120 μm core diameter was experimentally observed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, at 1.55 μm wavelength with the pump-probe technique. Compared to spontaneous Brillouin scattering previously reported, the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) was detected with an extremely high signal-to-noise ratio, even with a short POF (1 m) and scrambled polarization state. We also investigated the BGS dependences on probe power and temperature, which indicate that SBS in a POF measured with this technique can be utilized to develop high-accuracy temperature sensing systems. 相似文献
995.
Kentaro Somiya Alexey G. GurkovskyDaniel Heinert Stefan HildRonny Nawrodt Sergey P. Vyatchanin 《Physics letters. A》2011,375(11):1363-1374
Reduction of coating thermal noise is a key issue in precise measurements like a gravitational-wave detector, where each mirror is coated by a few tens of dielectric layers to achieve high reflectivity while the noise level increases with the number of layers. One way to realize the reduction is mechanical separation of the first few layers from the rest. Using an etalon with a few layers on the front and more on the back surface is a way to realize such a system. We perform a noise analysis of an etalon using the Fluctuation-dissipation theorem with probes on both sides. 相似文献
996.
Ido K Gross CM Guerrero F Sedoud A Lai TL Ifuku K Rutherford AW Krieger-Liszkay A 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2011,104(1-2):154-157
The redox potential of Q(A) in Photosystem II (PSII) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus was titrated monitoring chlorophyll fluorescence. A high potential form (E(m)=+60 ± 25 mV) was found in the absence of Mn(4)Ca, the active site for water oxidation. The low potential form (E(m)=-60 ± 48 mV), which is difficult to measure in conventional titration experiments, could be "locked in" by cross-linking the active enzyme. This indicates that the presence of Mn(4)Ca is relayed to the quinone site by significant structural changes in the protein. The presence of high and low potential forms agrees with what has been seen in plants, algae from our lab and in T. elongatus (Shibamoto et al., Biochemistry 48 (2009) 10682-10684). In the latter work, the potentials of Q(A) were shifted to lower potentials compared to other measurements. The redox potential of Q(A) in Mn-depleted PSII from spinach was titrated in the presence of redox mediators and the midpoint potential was shifted by 80 mV towards a more negative value compared to titrations without mediators. The lower values of the midpoint potential of the (Q(A)/Q(A)(-)) redox couple in the literature could be due to a perturbation due to a specific mediator. 相似文献
997.
Let A be a commutative integral domain that is a finitely generated algebra over a field k of characteristic 0 and let ø be a k-algebra automorphism of A of finite order m. In this note we study the ring D(A;ø of differential operators introduced by A.D. Bell. We prove that if A is a free module over the fixed sub-ring A ø, with a basis containing 1, then D(A;ø) is isomorphic to the matrix ring Mm(D(A ø). It follows from Grothendieck's Generic Flatness Theorem that for an arbitrary A there is an element c?Asuch that D(A[c-1];ø)?M m(D(A[c-1]ø)). As an application, we consider the structure of D(A;ø)when A is a polynomial or Laurent polynomial ring over k and ø is a diagonalizable linear automorphism. 相似文献
998.
Toru Shigematsu Kazuki Nomura Yusuke Nasuhara Kenta Ikarashi Gen Nagai Masao Hirayama 《高压研究》2013,33(4):524-529
Using UV mutagenesis, a high pressure (HP)-sensitive (barosensitive) mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained. The mutant strain a924E1 showed a significant loss of viability at HP levels of 175 to 250 MPa at 20 °C compared with the parent strain. This strain also showed a significant loss of viability following heat treatment at 50–58 °C at 0.1 MPa. These results showed that the mutation caused a significant thermosensitivity as well as barosensitivity. The activation volume and activation energy values for the inactivation of strain a924E1 were equivalent to those of the parent strain. This suggested that the mechanism for the HP and thermal inactivation reaction of strain a924E1 was basically the same as that of the parent strain. Strain a924E1 showed no deficiency in growth and fermentation ability as well as auxotrophic property. Although the identification of the genetic sites of mutation introduced is underway, these phenotypes are favorable for the application of HP treatment and heat-assisted HP treatment on fermentation control. 相似文献
999.
High hydrostatic pressure (HP) technology has gained more attention as a non-thermal food pasteurization technology. Recently, a limitation of the HP technology was reported by Koseki and Yamamoto [Recovery of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 in phosphate buffered saline after treatment with high hydrostatic pressure. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006;110:108–111], who completely recovered Escherichia coli species after HP treatment. We investigated the recovery mechanism of E. coli after HP treatment. The cells were treated with 200–300 MPa at 0–25°C for 24 h. The HP-treated E. coli was recovered in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) during 120 h of incubation at 25°C, confirming the results reported by them. However, E. coli did not grow in PBS but grew with inactivated cells in PBS. In addition, the results of our “population size experiments” demonstrated that the recovery of E. coli cells depended on both the degree of pressure and the population size. These results suggest that some portion of cells recovered from the damage and then grew by using inactivated cells. 相似文献
1000.
Aqueous phenolphthalein solution under sonication was investigated for use as a chemical dosimeter. The fading time of aqueous phenolphthalein solution under sonication depended on the concentration of phenolphthalein and the pH values of solutions. The fading time was correlated to the ultrasonic intensity in a reaction vessel that is estimated on the basis of decomposition of porphyrin. The relation between the fading time and the ultrasonic intensity for different frequencies is expressed by a single curve. From these results, it is indicated that aqueous solutions of phenolphthalein is useful for simple quantification of ultrasonic intensity for practical use, and one can regard it as one of the ultrasonic intensity indicators. 相似文献