Oscillation theory of first order functional differential equations with deviating arguments

Summary New oscillation criteria are established for the first order functional differential equation (*) y'(t)+p(t)y(g(t))=0and its nonlinear analogue. The results are presented so that a remarkable duality existing between the case where (*) is retarded (g(t)t) is apparent. Possible extension of the results for (*) to equations with several deviating arguments is attempted. Finally, it is shown that there exists a class of autonomous equations for which the oscillation situation can be completely characterized.     

Absolute stereostructures of halenaquinol and halenaquinol sulfate,pentacyclic hydroquinones from the okinawan marine sponge xestospongia sapra, as determined by theoretical calculation of CD spectra

The absolute stereostructures of two pentacyclic hydroquinones, halenaguinol ($\text{1}$) and halenaquinol sulfate ($\text{2}$) from the Okinawan marine sponge Xestospongia sapra, have been determined by means of theoretical calculation of CD spectra.     

Determination of localized states in porous silicon

We determined the density of state distribution near the Fermi level in porous silicon from the analysis of the current–voltage (J–V) and the current–thickness (J–T) characteristics in the space-charge-limited-current (SCLC) regime. The distribution exhibits a minimum density at the Fermi level, which is similar to the U-shape-trap-distribution observed in crystalline Si–SiO₂ interface or in amorphous Si. Theoretical analysis well explains both the J–V and the J–L characteristics, which implies that the current flow is entirely controlled by localized states situated at the quasi-Fermi level.     

Enantioselective syntheses of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carboxylic acid derivatives by intramolecular cyclopropanation

Enantioselective syntheses of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carboxylic acid derivatives are described. The syntheses were achieved by an intramolecular cyclopropanation as the key step, starting from enantiomerically pure starting materials that are commercially available.     

Bromine-magnesium exchange of 5-bromo-2-picoline via an organomagnesium complex Bu2PrMgLi: a new preparation methodology of functionalized picolines under noncryogenic conditions

The organomagnesium complex ⁿBu₂ⁱPrMgLi, readily prepared from ⁿBuLi and ⁱPrMgCl (2:1), is quite efficient for the bromine-magnesium exchange of 5-bromo-2-picoline under noncryogenic conditions (at −10 °C). The resulting picolylmagnesium complex reacts with various electrophiles to afford functionalized picolines.     

Total Syntheses of Tubulysins

The total syntheses of tetrapeptides tubulysins D ( 1 b ), U ( 1 c ), and V ( 1 d ), which are potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors, are described. The synthesis of Tuv ( 2 ), an unusual amino acid constituent of tubulysins, includes an 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of chiral nitrone D ‐ 6 derived from D ‐gulose with N‐acryloyl camphor sultam (?)‐ 9 employing the double asymmetric induction, whereas the synthesis of Tup ( 20 ), another unusual amino acid, involves a stereoselective Evans aldol reaction of (Z)‐boron enolate generated from (S)‐4‐isopropyl‐3‐propionyl‐2‐oxazolidinone with N‐protected phenylalaninal and a subsequent Barton deoxygenation protocol. We accomplished the total syntheses of tubulysins U ( 1 c ) and V ( 1 d ) by using these methodologies, in which the isoxazolidine ring was used as the effective protective group for γ‐amido alcohol functionality. Furthermore, to understand the structure‐activity relationship of tubulysins, we synthesized tubulysin D ( 1 b ) and cyclo‐tubulysin D ( 1 e ) from 2 ‐Me and 20 , and ent‐tubulysin D (ent‐ 1 d ) from ent‐ 2 ‐Me and ent‐ 20 , respectively. The preliminary results regarding their biological activities are also reported.     

Analytic hierarchy based policy design method (AHPo) for solving societal problems that require a multifaceted approach

This paper proposes an AHP based statistical method for the design of a comprehensive policy alternative, AHPo, for solving societal problems that require a multifaceted approach. In the proposed method, criteria relevant to the goal or focus are structured in the same way as in the conventional AHP. However, these two methods are quite different in regard to the method of quantification. The new method predicts or analyses the impact of the policy alternatives on the overall goal. In other words, it predicts or rationalizes the way people appreciate the situation in which an alternative is adopted and implemented. It will serve as a tool for supporting (especially political) decision making.     

Kinetics of the thermal decompositions of MC2O4 to MCO3 (M=Ca,Sr AND Ba)

The kinetics of the thermal decompositions of CaC₂O₄, SrC₂O₄ and BaC₂O₄ to their carbonates were studied by thermogravimetry at constant and at linearly increasing temperatures. Isothermally, the three oxalates decompose according to A_1.43, R_1.54 and R₁ laws, respectively. Dynamically, the decompositions of the first two oxalates proceed in a similar way as under the isothermal conditions, whereas BaC₂O₄ decomposes according to a different law.Kinetic compensation laws were established for the decomposition of CaC₂O₄ and SrC₂O₄ under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Such a compensation law is considered to result if correct kinetic model functionsF () are used when the isothermal and non-isothermal decompositions are regulated by the sameF().

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Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der thermischen Zersetzung von CaC₂O₄, SrC₂O₄ und BaC₂O₄ zu den entsprechenden Carbonaten wurde durch Thermogravimetrie bei konstanter und linear ansteigender Temperatur untersucht. Isotherm werden die drei Oxalate entsprechend A_1.43, R_1.54 bzw. R₁ zersetzt. Dynamisch verläuft die Zersetzung der ersten zwei Oxalate auf ähnlichem Wege, während BaC₂O₄ nach einem davon verschiedenem Gesetz abgebaut wird. Kinetische Kompensationsgesetze wurden sowohl unter isothermen als auch unter nicht-isothermen Bedingungen für die Zersetzung von CaC₂O₄ und SrC₂O₄ ermittelt. Ein solches Kompensationsgesetz wird als Ergebnis eines solchen Vorgehens angesehen, bei dem richtige kinetische ModellfunktionenF() benutzt werden, wenn die nicht-isothermen Zersetzungen durch die gleichenF() bestimmt sind.

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- , . , , A_1.43, R_1.54 · R₁- , . , . F() «» , F().