Synthesis of cation-exchanged laponite suspensions by laser ablation of microsized-metal particles in liquid

Laser ablation in the liquid technique has been used to synthesize cation-exchanged laponite suspensions. In summary, laser ablation of the microsize-metal powder (Co, Al, and Cu) dispersed in an aqueous solution containing deionized water laponite crystals was carried out using laser beam generated by a single-mode, Q-switched Nd-Yag laser operating at 532 nm with a pulse duration of 5.5 ns and 10 Hz repetition rate. Laser fluence was 0.265 J/cm² for all tests. For all samples, the mass fraction of laponite was 1%. General observations of the prepared samples indicated that an aqueous suspension of 1 wt% laponite retained its free flowing liquid phase characteristics even after aging for several weeks. When bivalent cationic metals (Cu, Co, Al) were ablated in it for about 1 h, even with a small amount of the metal (0.025% and 0.050%) were generated, the suspension became highly viscous and behaved as a shear-thinning and thixotropic material. That is, the suspension gelled strongly when it was allowed to rest. The gels, however, could easily be reverted to a low viscosity liquid with simple shaking. Information from TEM and XRD analysis indicated that such a sol-gel transformation might be due to the charge exchange between the cationic species produced during the laser ablation and the sodium ions in the interlayers of the clay sheets.     

An improved planar-gate triode with CNTs field emitters by electrophoretic deposition

An improved planar-gate triode with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) field emitters has been successfully fabricated by conventional photolithography, screen printing and electrophoretic deposition (EPD). In this structure, cathode electrodes and ITO arrays linked with gate electrodes were interdigitated and paralleled on the same plane although the gate electrodes and cathode electrodes were isolated by dielectric layer, a so-called improved planar-gate triode structure. An electrophoretic process was developed to selectively deposit CNTs field emitters onto cathode electrodes in the CNTs suspension by an applied voltage between the gate electrodes and cathode electrodes. The optical microscopy and FESEM image showed that the CNTs emitters with the uniform packing density were selectively defined onto the cathode electrodes. In addition, field emission characteristics of an improved planar-gate triode with CNTs field emitters were investigated. The experiment results indicated that the turn-on voltage of this triode structure at current density of 1 μA/cm² was approximately 55 V. The anode current and gate current came to 396 μA and 325 μA, at gate voltage and anode voltage of 100 V and 4000 V, respectively and at the anode-cathode spacing of 2000 μm. The emission image became brighter and the luminous image with dot matrix on the anode plate obviously increased with the increase of the gate voltage. Moreover, the emission current fluctuation was smaller than 5% for 11 h, which indicated that the improved planar-gate triode has a good field emission performance and long lifetime.     

Self-starting 6.5-fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser

We demonstrate self-starting 6.5-fs pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser with 200-mW average output power at a pulse repetition rate of ~86 M Hz. This is to our knowledge the shortest pulse ever generated directly from a laser. For dispersion compensation we used a prism pair in combination with double-chirped mirrors, which balances the higher-order dispersion of the prism pair and therefore flattens the average total group-delay dispersion in the laser cavity. For self-starting mode locking we used a broadband semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror.     

Night vision dense crowd counting based on mid-term fusion of thermal imaging features北大核心CSCD

为了提高人群计数模型对尺度和光噪声的鲁棒性,设计了一种多模态图像融合网络。提出了一种针对夜间人群统计模型,并设计了一个子网络Rgb-T-net,网络融合了热成像特征和可见光图像的特征,增强了网络对热成像和夜间人群特征的判断能力。模型采用自适应高斯核对密度图进行回归,在Rgb-T-CC数据集上完成了夜视训练和测试。经验证网络平均绝对误差为18.16,均方误差为32.14,目标检测召回率为97.65%,计数性能和检测表现优于当前最先进的双峰融合方法。实验结果表明,所提出的多模态特征融合网络能够解决夜视环境下的计数与检测问题,消融实验进一步证明了融合模型各部分参数的有效性。     

大孔径宽光谱变焦镜头设计北大核心CSCD

在高压电线运输电力过程中容易发生电晕放电现象,存在安全隐患,因此,进行电晕放电的检测十分必要。利用日盲紫外镜头进行电晕检测是检测手段之一。基于Zemax多重组态功能设计了一款大孔径宽光谱变焦镜头,目的是配合变焦范围为90 mm~165 mm变焦距紫外镜头应用,可在电晕放电信号检测时,全天候、快速准确找出损坏线路的位置。该镜头采用4组元、近对称结构型式,F数为1.4,可变焦范围在30 mm~55 mm,工作光谱波段为400 nm~850 nm,空间频率100 lp/mm处全视场MTF≥0.4,最大畸变≤±3%,均采用标准球面设计,系统总长为110 mm,适用于0.847 cm(1/3英寸)CCD,能较好地矫正各类像差,满足各零件基本加工工艺要求。     

Natural color low-level-light EBAPS imaging system based on three-color LCTF北大核心CSCD

The high-sensitivity electron bombarded active pixel sensor (EBAPS) not only has the characteristics of high gain and high sensitivity of vacuum imaging devices, but also has the digital characteristics of solid-state imaging devices, which greatly improves the level of night vision imaging. A natural color low-level-light EBAPS imaging system was built based on three-color liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF). According to the characteristics of low-level-light images, the color enhancement processing such as grayscale stretching, white balance, and color correction was performed on the color images obtained by the system. The experimental results show that the system can realize the natural low-illumination color imaging that reflects the color characteristics of the scene itself, which can effectively improve the observation effect of the characteristics of the target scene at night, and can realize the color imaging under 5×10−4 lx illumination. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

消荧光现象与表面谐波产生

消荧光现象是激光与物质表面非线性相互作用的结果，这是一种普遍现象。在表面谐波产生的研究中，它常常被忽略。大量研究表明：表面谐波产生与消荧光现象，有着密切的内在联系。本文以消荧光观点详细讨论了表面谐波产生的机制，提出了表面谐波产生的消荧光模型。新机制可归纳为：（ａ）多光子受激吸收产生消荧光光斑，（ｂ）激光热效应等促进自发辐射转向准受激辐射，（ｃ）伴随荧光消失，部分产生荧光的激光能量转换为产生表面谐波     

Stray light analysis of low-level-light optical system with LightTools software北大核心CSCD

为解决低照度微弱信号探测的微光光学系统杂散光问题,研究了杂散光的原理和特性。利用光学系统建模软件LightTools对微光光学系统进行仿真建模,并开展杂散光分析。为减少杂散光,在物镜筒的筒壁加工消光螺纹,并针对不同形式的消光螺纹,开展了能量仿真模拟。仿真结果表明,采用螺距0.35 mm的消光螺纹,能够将杂散光系数从7%降低到4%。仿真分析结果与实验结果一致,为其他微弱信号探测光学系统在设计阶段对杂散光进行消除提供了指导。     

锯齿型与扶手椅型碳化硅纳米管光电性质第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论计算分析了手性参数为(17,0)、(20,0)、(26,0) (10,10)、(12,12)、(15,15)的碳化硅纳米管的能带图,态密度及主要光学性质。结果表明：锯齿型与扶手椅型碳化硅纳米管均具有明显的半导体性质;在相近直径下,扶手椅型碳化硅纳米管带隙宽度要大于锯齿型碳化硅纳米管的带隙宽度;碳化硅纳米管的光吸收峰在100nm~200nm之间,可用于制作紫外线探测器件。