The design of self-collapsed super-strong nanotube bundles

The study reported in this paper suggests that the influence of the surrounding nanotubes in a bundle is nearly identical to that of a liquid having surface tension equal to the surface energy of the nanotubes. This surprising behaviour is supported by the calculation of the polygonization and especially of the self-collapse diameters, and related dog-bone configurations, of nanotubes in a bundle, in agreement with atomistic simulations and nanoscale experiments. Accordingly, we have evaluated the strength of the nanotube bundle, with or without collapsed nanotubes, assuming a sliding failure: the self-collapse can increase the strength up to a value of about ∼30%, suggesting the design of self-collapsed super-strong nanotube bundles.Other systems, such as peapods and fullerites, can be similarly treated, including the effect of the presence of a liquid, as reported in the appendices.     

The use of vibrational spectroscopy to study the pathogenesis multiple sclerosis and other neurological conditions

Spectroscopy techniques are valuable tools in biomedical research and have been used extensively in the study of disease. However, neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) have received little attention and the available spectroscopy studies are limited, both in overall numbers of patients studied and the disease samples considered. MS is a complex immune-mediated disease, with variable clinical courses and limited therapeutic options. This review aims to summarize current literature in the area, demonstrating how spectroscopy techniques can provide valuable information to inform and advance research into the most common neurological condition affecting young adults.     

Intramolecular TaqMan probes for genetic analysis

Novel intramolecular TaqMan probes have been evaluated on the W1282X locus of the human ABCC7 gene and shown to be more efficient than traditional TaqMan probes.     

Yang-Mills theories in space-like axial and planar gauges

The quantization of Yang-Mills theories according to a canonical procedure is studied first in the axial gauge A₃^a ≡ 0. We show that the perturbative S-matrix cannot be expressed in terms of well-defined distributions in a Hilbert space involving only physical states without conflicting with unitarity. We then resort to the space-like planar gauge and show that it is possible to define a perturbative S-matrix at the price of introducing a set of free ghost fields. The S-matrix is unitary in the subspace of the physically acceptable states on which A₃^a vanish.