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31.
Scalable bottom‐up assembly of suspended carbon nanotube and graphene devices by dielectrophoresis
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Antonios Oikonomou Nick Clark Sebastian Heeg Andrey Kretinin Sarah Varey Geliang Yu Aravind Vijayaraghavan 《固体物理学:研究快报》2015,9(9):539-543
Bottom‐up assembly by dielectrophoresis (DEP) has emerged in recent years as a viable alternative to conventional top–down fabrication of electronic devices from nanomaterials, particularly carbon nanotubes and graphene. Here, we demonstrate how this technique can be extended to fabricate devices containing carbon nanotubes and graphene suspended between two electrodes over a back‐gate electrode. The suspended device geometry is critical for the development of nano‐electromechanical devices and to extract maximum performance out of electronic and optoelectronic devices. This technique allows for parallel assembly of devices over large scale. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
32.
Prof. Ashok R. Patel Nick Cludts Mohd Dona Bin Sintang Benny Lewille Ans Lesaffer Prof. Koen Dewettinck 《Chemphyschem》2014,15(16):3435-3439
The preparation and characterization of oleogels structured by using a combination of a surface‐active and a non‐surface‐active polysaccharide through an emulsion‐templated approach is reported. Specifically, the oleogels were prepared by first formulating a concentrated oil‐in‐water emulsion, stabilized with a combination of cellulose derivatives and xanthan gum, followed by the selective evaporation of the continuous water phase to drive the network formation, resulting in an oleogel with a unique microstructure and interesting rheological properties, including a high gel strength, G′>4000 Pa, shear sensitivity, good thixotropic recovery, and good thermostability. 相似文献
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34.
Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper introduces new methods to study behaviours among the 52 largest cryptocurrencies between 01-01-2019 and 30-06-2021. First, we explore evolutionary correlation... 相似文献
35.
Endgame studies have long served as a tool for testing human creativity and intelligence. We find that they can serve as a tool for testing machine ability as well. Two of the leading chess engines, Stockfish and Leela Chess Zero (LCZero), employ significantly different methods during play. We use Plaskett’s Puzzle, a famous endgame study from the late 1970s, to compare the two engines. Our experiments show that Stockfish outperforms LCZero on the puzzle. We examine the algorithmic differences between the engines and use our observations as a basis for carefully interpreting the test results. Drawing inspiration from how humans solve chess problems, we ask whether machines can possess a form of imagination. On the theoretical side, we describe how Bellman’s equation may be applied to optimize the probability of winning. To conclude, we discuss the implications of our work on artificial intelligence (AI) and artificial general intelligence (AGI), suggesting possible avenues for future research. 相似文献
36.
Harry J. Whitlow Margaretha Andersson Mikael Hult Leif Persson Mohamed El Bouanani Mikael Östling Carina Zaring Nils Lundberg David D. Cohen Nick Dytlewski Peter N. Johnston Ian F. Bubb Scott R. Walker Erik Johanson Sture Hogmark P. Anders Ingemarsson 《Mikrochimica acta》1995,120(1-4):171-181
Recoil Spectrometry covers a group of techniques that are very similar to the well known Rutherford backscattering Spectrometry technique, but with the important difference that one measures the recoiling target atom rather than the projectile ion. This makes it possible to determine both the identity of the recoil and its depth of origin from its energy and velocity, using a suitable detector system. The incident ion is typically high-energy (30–100MeV)35C1,81Br or127I. Low concentrations of light elements such as C, O and N can be profiled in a heavy matrix such as Fe or GaAs. Here we present an overview of mass and energy dispersive recoil Spectrometry and illustrate its successful use in some typical applications. 相似文献
37.
Nick A. Thomburg Ihab M. Abdelrehim Steve Pullins Donald P. Land 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》1994,5(6):583-587
A method for deflecting ions, such as K+, produced outside a Fourier-transform mass spectrometer cell during laser-induced thermal desorption, is described. This technique has been shown to deflect laser-generated K and Ti ions from two Ti foil samples (biomedical implant model surfaces), yielding mass spectra of coadsorbed organic species. Further studies characterizing the laser desorption/deflection parameters have shown that ion deflection improves with higher deflection voltages and greater sample to Fourier-transform mass spectrometry cell separation. Higher laser power densities resulted in greater surface ion production; hence higher deflection voltages were necessary. A 6% increase in laser power necessitated a fourfold increase in deflection voltage for the Ti sample. 相似文献
38.
Mathew A. Cleveland Nick A. Gentile Todd S. Palmer 《Journal of computational physics》2010,229(16):5707-5723
Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) and Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion (IMD) are approaches to the numerical solution of the equations of radiative transfer. IMD was previously derived and numerically tested on grey, or frequency-integrated problems [1]. In this research, we extend Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion (IMD) to account for frequency dependence, and we implement the difference formulation [2] as a source manipulation variance reduction technique. We derive the relevant probability distributions and present the frequency dependent IMD algorithm, with and without the difference formulation. The IMD code with and without the difference formulation was tested using both grey and frequency dependent benchmark problems. The Su and Olson semi-analytic Marshak wave benchmark was used to demonstrate the validity of the code for grey problems [3]. The Su and Olson semi-analytic picket fence benchmark was used for the frequency dependent problems [4]. The frequency dependent IMD algorithm reproduces the results of both Su and Olson benchmark problems. Frequency group refinement studies indicate that the computational cost of refining the group structure is likely less than that of group refinement in deterministic solutions of the radiation diffusion methods. Our results show that applying the difference formulation to the IMD algorithm can result in an overall increase in the figure of merit for frequency dependent problems. However, the creation of negatively weighted particles from the difference formulation can cause significant numerical instabilities in regions of the problem with sharp spatial gradients in the solution. An adaptive implementation of the difference formulation may be necessary to focus its use in regions that are at or near thermal equilibrium. 相似文献
39.
Laser-induced acoustic wave generation/propagation/interaction in water in various internal channels
Seung Hwan Ko Daeho Lee Heng Pan Sang-Gil Ryu Costas P. Grigoropoulos Nick Kladias Elias Panides Gerald A. Domoto 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,100(2):391-400
Short pulsed laser-induced single acoustic wave generation, propagation, interaction within a water-filled internal channel
are experimentally and numerically studied. A large-area, short-duration, single-plane acoustic wave was generated by the
thermoelastic interaction of a homogenized nanosecond pulsed laser beam with a liquid–solid interface and propagated at the
speed of sound in water. Laser flash Schlieren photography was used to visualize the transient interaction of the plane acoustic
wave in various internal channel structures ((a) sudden expansion and contraction channels, (b) bifurcating channels, (c) gradual
contraction wall channels and (d) a cylinder). Fairly good agreement between the experimental results and numerical simulation
is observed. 相似文献
40.