Experimental and simulation investigation of ion transfer in different sampling capillaries

Atmospheric pressure interfaces were a fundamental structure for transferring air generated ions into the vacuum manifold of a mass spectrometer. This work is devoted to the characterization of ion transfer in metal capillaries through both experimental and simulated investigations. The impact of capillary configurations on ion transmission efficiency was evaluated using an electrospray mass spectrometer with various bent capillaries as the transfer devices. In addition, a numerical model has been set up by coupling the SIMION 8.0 and the computational flow dynamics for simulation study of ion migration in the complex atmospheric system. The transfer efficiency was found to be highly affected by the variation in electric field and the capillary geometry, revealing that the hydrodynamic and electric force were both dominant and interactional during the transmission process. The consistency of the results from the experimental analysis and simulation modeling proved the validity of the model, which was helpful for understanding ion activity in transfer capillaries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乙醇和水分子形成配合物与荧光光谱特性研究

讨论了紫外光照射乙醇和水混合溶液的荧光光谱及其对应的激发光谱，认为乙醇和水分子混 合时会发生团簇形成新的分子从而成为能辐射荧光的物质.采用不同波长的紫外光照射乙醇 水溶液，计算了不同入射光的荧光量子产率，进而选取具有最高荧光效率的激励光照射不同 混合比率溶液，通过探测混合物所发射的荧光光子数目随乙醇和水混合比率的变化规律，研 究了团簇分子的可能类型，并利用荧光强度和吸收率的加和性计算了混合物的总吸收率和总 荧光光子数目，从而解释了乙醇水溶液的荧光光谱特征峰.结果可为乙醇和水分子形成的新 团簇分子研究提供实验和理论依据. 关键词： 乙醇-水配合物 荧光光谱 分子团簇 激发光谱     

用于弹道测量的实时测速同步触发仪设计

介绍了一种实时获取当发弹丸速度的同步触发系统.采用两台天幕靶和测时电路实时测量当发弹丸的速度,根据测得的速度和事先确定的靶距,计算输出测试仪器触发需要的延时值.同时,设计了滤除蚊虫、飞鸟等外界环境干扰的电路,确保输出的触发信号稳定可靠.详细介绍了系统组成、工作原理与逻辑电路的设计.设计的系统经过实弹射击试验验证,工作稳...     

A Lattice‐Oxygen‐Involved Reaction Pathway to Boost Urea Oxidation

The electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) provides more economic electrons than water oxidation for various renewable energy‐related systems owing to its lower thermodynamic barriers. However, it is limited by sluggish reaction kinetics, especially by CO₂ desorption steps, masking its energetic advantage compared with water oxidation. Now, a lattice‐oxygen‐involved UOR mechanism on Ni⁴⁺ active sites is reported that has significantly faster reaction kinetics than the conventional UOR mechanisms. Combined DFT, ¹⁸O isotope‐labeling mass spectrometry, and in situ IR spectroscopy show that lattice oxygen is directly involved in transforming *CO to CO₂ and accelerating the UOR rate. The resultant Ni⁴⁺ catalyst on a glassy carbon electrode exhibits a high current density (264 mA cm^?2 at 1.6 V versus RHE), outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts, and the turnover frequency of Ni⁴⁺ active sites towards UOR is 5 times higher than that of Ni³⁺ active sites.     

磁性和非磁性元素掺杂的自旋梯状化合物Sr_(14)(Cu_(0.97)M_(0.03))_(24)O_(41)(M=Zn,Ni,Co)的结构和电输运性质

利用固相反应法制备了Sr14Cu24O41及其系列B位掺杂Sr14(Cu0.97M0.03)24O41(M=Zn,Ni,Co)的样品.X射线衍射分析显示,所有样品均为纯相,晶格常数a与c没有明显的变化;Zn掺杂样品晶格常数b没有明显变化,而Ni,Co掺杂样品晶格常数b分别稍有增加.选区电子衍射研究揭示:磁性元素Ni,Co及非磁性元素Zn掺杂,可能主要替代了Sr14Cu24O41结构中自旋链上的Cu原子,从而影响了自旋链上的dimer排列,破坏电荷有序超结构.电输运测量显示:Zn2+,Ni2+,Co3+离子掺杂样品的电阻率降低,但仍体现半导体行为,所有的掺杂样品都存在一个渡越温度Tρ,当TTρ时,其导电机理是以单空穴热激发导电占主要地位,在TTρ时,配对的局域化空穴的一维变程跳跃导电占主要优势;在相同的掺杂量下,非磁性元素Zn掺杂对电阻率值的影响大于磁性元素Ni,Co掺杂的影响,而磁性元素Ni,Co掺杂对渡越温度Tρ的影响大于非磁性元素Zn掺杂的影响.     

Size-controlled electrochemical growth of PbS nanostructures into electrochemically patterned self-assembled monolayers

1-Hexadecanethiol self-assembled monolayers (HDT SAMs) on Au(111) were used as a molecular resist to fabricate nanosized patterns by electrochemical reductive partial desorption for subsequent electrodeposition of PbS from the same solution simultaneously. The influences of potential steps of variable pulse width and amplitude on the size and the number of patterns were investigated. The kinetics of pattern formation by reductive desorption appears to be instantaneous according to chronoamperometric and morphological investigations. PbS structures were deposited electrochemically into the patterns on HDT SAMs by a combined electrochemical technique, based on the codeposition from the same saturated PbS solution at the underpotential deposition of Pb and S. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements showed that all of the PbS deposits were disk shaped and uniformly distributed on Au(111) surfaces. Preliminary results indicated that the diameter and the density of PbS deposits can be controlled by controlling the pulse width and amplitude of potential applied at the reductive removal stage of HDT SAMs and the deposition time during the electrochemical deposition step.     

反丁烯二酸稀土配合物的合成及晶体结构

合成了反丁烯二酸C_4H_4O_4与六种稀土(Eu, Gd, Tb, Y, Er, Lu)的配合物M_2F_3·12H_2O(H_2F=C_4H_4O_4). 用X射线衍射法测定了它们的晶体学参数, 并测定了其中五种配合物的结构. 指出存在两类不同的结构, 其中铕配合物为三斜晶系, 空间群P(1), 铕离子配位数为10. 铽、钇、铒、镥配合物为单斜晶系, 空间群为P2_1/c, 配位数为8. 配合物均具有三维网状结构.     

η, h￠ \eta{^\prime} → πl+l- in a chiral unitary approach

The decays η, → π⁺π^- l ⁺ l ^- (with l = e,μ are investigated within a chiral unitary approach which combines the chiral effective Lagrangian with a coupled-channels Bethe-Salpeter equation. Predictions for the decay widths and spectra are given.     

工业用加氢脱氮催化剂所含MoS2的形貌

用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）观察了Ａ，Ｂ两种工业用加氢脱氮（ＨＤＮ）催化剂所含活性相基础物ＭｏＳ２的形貌，并根据ＴＥＭ图像测量了ＭｏＳ２六角形晶体的对角线长度（Ｌ）和层数（Ｎ）．由此计算相应平均值工和Ｎ及晶体分布密度（Ｓ），并绘制了Ｌ的分布曲线．使用前，高活性Ａ催化剂的Ｌ值比Ｂ催化剂小，而Ｓ值则比其大．长期运转后，两种催化剂的Ｌ值都增大，Ｓ值都减小，但Ａ催化剂的变化明显小于Ｂ催化剂．由ＴＥＭ结果表明，ＭＯＳ２晶体的分散状态是影响Ｍｏ－Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＨＤＮ催化剂活性的因素之一．     

Nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of epoxides with fluorinated sulfones

The unprecedented nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of simple epoxides with fluorinated sulfones was achieved to give the beta-fluoroalkyl alcohols in one step. The negative "fluorine effect" in the nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of epoxides with fluorinated carbanions was probed by the reactivity comparison between carbanions PhSO2CF2- (3) and PhSO2CCl2- (4) and between carbanions PhSO2CHF- (7) and PhSO2CHCl- (13). The mediation of this fluorine effect by introducing another electron-withdrawing benzenesulfonyl group was found to be an effective way to significantly increase the nucleophilicity of the fluorinated carbanions, with the reactivity order [(PhSO2)2CF-] (16) > PhSO2CFH- (7) > PhSO2CF2- (3).