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991.
Chuong L. Nguyen Armand Atanacio Kathryn E. Prince James B. Metson 《Applied Surface Science》2009,255(9):4880-4885
There have been many reports of the surface segregation of minor elements, especially Mg, into surface layers and oxide films on the surface of Al alloys. LM6 casting alloy (Al-12%Si) represents a challenging system to examine such segregation as the alloy features a particularly inhomogeneous phase structure. The very low but mobile Mg content (approximately 0.001 wt.%), and the surface segregation of modifiers such as Na, mean the surface composition responds in a complex manner to thermal treatment conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to determine the distribution of these elements within the oxide film. Further investigation by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (DSIMS) confirmed a strong alignment of segregated Na and Mg into distinct phases of the structure. 相似文献
992.
M.D. Stewart Jr. H.Q. Nguyen S.M. Hollen Aijun Yin J.M. Xu J.M. Valles Jr. 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2009,469(13):774-777
We have measured the thickness dependence of the superconducting critical temperature, Tc(dBi), in amorphous Bi/Sb films patterned with a regular array of holes as well as nanoscale thickness variations. We find that the mean field Tc is suppressed relative to simultaneously produced unstructured films of the same thickness. Surprisingly, however, the functional form for Tc(dBi), remains unaffected. The role of the thickness variations in suppressing Tc is compared to the role of the holes, through parameterization of the surface, as measured through AFM/SEM and a proximity effect calculation. These results suggest that these two nanoscale modifications suppress Tc about equally and are consistent with Tc being determined on a microscopic length scale. 相似文献
993.
We use the quasiparticle random phase approximation to study properties of the low-lying 2+ states in the even-even nuclei around 132Sn. Starting from a Skyrme interaction in the particle-hole channel and a density-dependent zero-range interaction in the
particle-particle channel, the calculation within the finite-rank separable approximation for the residual interaction is
performed. 相似文献
994.
In this paper, we present hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods for the numerical solution of steady and time-dependent nonlinear convection–diffusion equations. The methods are devised by expressing the approximate scalar variable and corresponding flux in terms of an approximate trace of the scalar variable and then explicitly enforcing the jump condition of the numerical fluxes across the element boundary. Applying the Newton–Raphson procedure and the hybridization technique, we obtain a global equation system solely in terms of the approximate trace of the scalar variable at every Newton iteration. The high number of globally coupled degrees of freedom in the discontinuous Galerkin approximation is therefore significantly reduced. We then extend the method to time-dependent problems by approximating the time derivative by means of backward difference formulae. When the time-marching method is (p+1)th order accurate and when polynomials of degree p?0 are used to represent the scalar variable, each component of the flux and the approximate trace, we observe that the approximations for the scalar variable and the flux converge with the optimal order of p+1 in the L2-norm. Finally, we apply element-by-element postprocessing schemes to obtain new approximations of the flux and the scalar variable. The new approximate flux, which has a continuous interelement normal component, is shown to converge with order p+1 in the L2-norm. The new approximate scalar variable is shown to converge with order p+2 in the L2-norm. The postprocessing is performed at the element level and is thus much less expensive than the solution procedure. For the time-dependent case, the postprocessing does not need to be applied at each time step but only at the times for which an enhanced solution is required. Extensive numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the present method. 相似文献
995.
Nanosized luminescent (Y,Bi)VO4:Eu3+ and Y(V,P)O4:Eu3+ were synthesized at low temperatures either by a coprecipitation method or by a hydrothermal method from aqueous solutions. The effect of Bi3+ ion or P5+ ion content in the lattice, annealing temperature effects on the crystal structure and the particle size, and the luminescence property of (Y,Bi)VO4:Eu3+ and Y(V,P)O4:Eu3+ nanoparticles were examined with a field-enhanced scanning electron microscopy, XRD, and a spectrofluorometer. The pristine YVO4:Eu3+, (Y,Bi)VO4:Eu3+, or Y(V,P)O4:Eu3+ nanoparticles are 35-50 nm in size. The luminescence spectrum of the Eu3+ ion was used to probe its position in the crystal lattice. The dopant ions enter the same lattice sites in the nanocrystalline as in the corresponding bulk material, resulting similar spectral features between them. Photoluminescence intensity is weak for the pristine nanoparticles. Annealing the nanoparticles at temperatures up to 1000 °C results in the increased luminescence intensity (>80% of micrometer-sized phosphors) with the minimal particle growth and the improved particle crystallinity. 相似文献
996.
Tan Tai Nguyen Floris Chevallier Viatcheslav Jouikov Florence Mongin 《Tetrahedron letters》2009,50(49):6787-6790
Deprotonative cupration of aromatics including heterocycles (anisole, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, thiophene, furan, 2-fluoropyridine, 2-chloropyridine, 2-bromopyridine, and 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine) was realized in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature using the Gilman-type amido-cuprate (TMP)2CuLi in situ prepared from CuCl2·TMEDA through successive addition of 1 equiv of butyllithium and 2 equiv of LiTMP. The intermediate lithium (hetero)arylcuprates were evidenced by trapping with iodine, allyl bromide, methyl iodide, and benzoyl chlorides, the latter giving the best results. Symmetrical dimers were also prepared from lithium azine and diazine cuprates using nitrobenzene as an oxidative agent. 相似文献
997.
Thanh V. Nguyen David J. Sinclair Dr. Anthony C. Willis Dr. Michael S. Sherburn Prof. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2009,15(24):5892-5895
Guest‐love‐ometer : The equilibrium inside–outside atropisomeric ratio of ortho‐substituted phenyl cavitands shows a strong solvent dependence. The competition between the ortho‐substituent and the solvent guest for the bowl cavity leads to a sensitive system for the measurement of relative guest binding affinities.
998.
Anne M. Shearrow Glenn A. Harris Li Fang Praveen K. Sekhar Ly T. Nguyen Erica B. Turner Shekhar Bhansali Abdul Malik 《Journal of chromatography. A》2009,1216(29):5449-5458
Ionic liquid (IL)-mediated sol–gel hybrid organic–inorganic materials present enormous potential for effective use in analytical microextraction. This opportunity, however, has not yet been explored. One obstacle to materializing this prospect arises from high viscosity of ILs significantly slowing down sol–gel reactions. In this work, we developed a method that overcomes this hurdle and provides IL-mediated advanced sol–gel materials for capillary microextraction (CME). We examined two different ILs: (a) a phosphonium-based IL, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate, and (b) a pyridinium-based ionic liquid, N-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate. These ILs were evaluated in conjunction with two types of hydroxy-terminated polymers: (a) two Si–OH terminated polymers (PDMS and BMPO), and (b) two C–OH terminated polymers (PEG and polyTHF) that differ in their sol–gel reactivity. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrate that ILs can serve as porogenic agents in sol–gel reactions. The IL-mediated sol–gel coatings prepared with silanol-terminated polymers provided up to 28 times higher extractions in off-line CME-GC compared to analogous sol–gel coatings prepared without any IL in the sol solution. Contrary to this, the IL-mediated sol–gel coatings prepared with C–OH terminated polymers provided lower extraction efficiencies compared to their IL-free counterparts. These observations were explained by (a) lower sol–gel reactivity of C–OH groups in PEG and polyTHF compared to Si–OH groups in PDMS and in hydrolyzed alkoxysilane precursors and (b) extremely high viscosity of ionic liquids. This study shows that IL-generated porous morphology alone is not enough to provide effective extraction media: careful choice of the organic polymer and the precursor with close sol–gel reactivity must be made to ensure effective chemical bonding of the organic polymer to the created sol–gel material to be able to provide the desired sorbent characteristics. Additionally, IL-mediated sol–gel PDMS coatings provided run-to-run RSD values of 4.2–5.0% and detection limits ranging from 3.2 ng/L to 17.4 ng/L. PDMS sol–gels prepared without ILs provided RSD values of 2.8–14.1%, and detection limits ranging from 4.9 ng/L to 487.0 ng/L. 相似文献
999.
Binh Thi Thanh Nguyen Jin Qiang Ang Chee-Seng Toh 《Electrochemistry communications》2009,11(10):1861-1864
A model K+ sensor using Prussian blue nanotubes is fabricated by electrochemical deposition of Prussian blue (PB) within the nanochannels of a porous metal-coated membrane with partially covered pore openings. The PB nanotube sensor exhibits excellent stability giving reproducible peak potentials up to 500 measurement cycles, a very low detection limit of 2.0 × 10−8 M and extremely wide logarithmic linear ranges between 5.0 × 10−8–7.0 × 10−4 M and 7.0 × 10−4–1.0 M. Negligible interferences by Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ are observed and a rapid analysis time of 30 s is readily achieved. The ease of electrodeposition, high stability of PB nanotubes and outstanding analytical performance which surpasses conventional PB voltammetric and potentiometric sensors demonstrates potential sensing applications including ion sensors and biosensors using PB and other metal hexacyanoferrate nanotubes. 相似文献
1000.
Zhengwei Mao Dr. Jinshan Guo Shuo Bai Tich‐Lam Nguyen Dr. Haibing Xia Dr. Yubin Huang Prof. Paul Mulvaney Prof. Dayang Wang Dr. 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2009,48(27):4953-4956
In the swim : Colloidal nanoparticles coated with polylactide (PLA, red) and poly(ethylene glycol) brushes (PEG, black) can transfer from organic to aqueous phases across liquid/liquid or liquid/gel interfaces during degradation of the PLA coating (see picture: first step), which is driven selectively by the hydrogen bonding of the PEG coating with the aqueous phase (second step).