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41.
A rapid conversion of aldehydes to corresponding nitriles has been achieved under microwave irradiation using hydroxylamine and phthalic anhydride or hydroxylamine and Envirocatalyst EPZGR in solvent free conditions. 相似文献
42.
A numerical simulation of attosecond harmonic pulse generation in a three-dimensional field-ionizing gas is presented. Calculated harmonic efficiencies quantitatively reproduce experimental findings. This allows a quantitative characterization of attosecond pulse generation revealing information currently not accessible by experiment. The rapid phase variation and spatiotemporal distortions of harmonics are smaller than anticipated, allowing focusing of 30-nm, 750-as pulses to intensities in excess of 10(13) W/cm(2). Feasibility of such pulses brings novel applications such as extreme ultraviolet nonlinear optics and attosecond pump probe spectroscopy within reach. 相似文献
43.
44.
Elena Cordero Stevan Pilipović Luigi Rodino Nenad Teofanov 《Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics》2005,2(4):381-394
We study localization operators within the framework of ultradistributions. More precisely, given a symbol a and two windows φ1, φ2, we investigate the multilinear mapping from
to the localization operator
Results are formulated in terms of modulation spaces with weights which may have exponential growth. We give sufficient and
necessary conditions for
a to be bounded or to belong to a Schatten class. As an application, we study symbols defined by ultra-distributions with
compact support, that give trace class localization operators. 相似文献
45.
Formation of the plasma potential in a plasma that contains energetic electrons and is bounded by a floating collector that
emits electrons is studied theoretically. The problem is treated by a static. kinetic plasma-sheath model of Schwager and
Birdsall [Phys. Fluids B2 (1990) 1057], which we have extended in order to include additional energetic electron population. The distribution of these
electrons is assumed to be a high-temperature Maxwellian. They are called hot electrons. In the paper we study effects of
the density and temperature of the hot electrons on the formation of the plasma potential. The model shows that for certain
densities and temperatures of the hot electron population plasmas with two different plasma potentials can coexist in the
system. These two plasmas are separated spatially by a double layer. For the case when there is no emission of electrons from
the collector, results of the model are compared with computer simulation and very good agreement between the model and the
simulation is found. The simulation also confirms existence of two plasmas with two different potentials separated by a double
layer. 相似文献
46.
In situ observation of photoinduced refractive-index changes in filaments formed in glasses by femtosecond laser pulses 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
We investigated the relationship between the formation of filaments and local refractive-index changes induced by femtosecond laser pulses in silica glass. In situ observation revealed that the location of a filament coincided with that of the refractive-index change. Observation also showed that the region of refractive-index change was elongated toward the upstream direction of the laser pulses with increasing exposure time. The region of refractive-index change was several hundred micrometers long, and its diameter was smaller than 2 mum. The refractive-index change was confirmed by two of three different methods to be as large as 0.8 x 10(-2). 相似文献
47.
Henrique E. Toma Tulio E. Chavez-Gil Reginaldo C. Rocha Hercílio R. Rechenberg 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1999,34(1):57-68
A novel multibinding species has been obtained by attaching four aliphatic polyamine chains to an iron(II)-polyimine centre, derived from 2,6-diacetylpyridine. Molecular simulations for the complex corroborate the evidence from 1H NMR spectroscopy of a symmetric structure, with the four polyamines displaying a tetrahedral arrangement around the metal centre. The protonated polyamine complex interacts with hexacyanoferrate(II) ions, leading to an inclusion compound which has been characterized based on vibrational and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and on cyclic voltammetry. 相似文献
48.
Aida Toma 《Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo》2009,58(1):29-40
This paper proves a new integral representation theorem for powers of elements in locally m-convex algebras. It is shown that the conditions handled in this theorem are satisfied for any sequentially complete locally
m-convex Q-algebra. Various applications of this result concerning the spectrum, the spectral radius or the numerical radius are given.
相似文献
49.
Nenad Ujevi? 《Applied mathematics and computation》2009,212(1):273-274
In abstract of the paper [A. Rafiq, A note on “A family of methods for solving nonlinear equations”, Appl. Math. Comput. 195 (2008) 819-821] we can find the following sentences. We cite: Ujevi? et al. introduced a family of methods for solving nonlinear equations. However the main Algorithm 1 put forward by Ujevi? et al. (p. 7) is wrong. This is the main aim of this note. We also point out some major bugs in the results of Ujevi? et al. - the end of the citation. Here it is shown that all of the mentioned assertions are not true. In other words, the Algorithm 1 is correct (up to an obvious misprint, which is not mentioned in the above paper) and there are no major bugs in the paper by Ujevi? et al. In fact, these observations, which will be given in this note, show that the main aim of the paper by Rafiq is wrong. 相似文献
50.
The berth allocation problem is to allocate space along the quayside to incoming ships at a container terminal in order to minimize some objective function. We consider minimization of total costs for waiting and handling as well as earliness or tardiness of completion, for all ships. We assume ships can arrive at any given time, i.e., before or after the berths become available. The resulting problem, which subsumes several previous ones, is expressed as a linear mixed 0–1 program. As it turns out to be too time-consuming for exact solution of instances of realistic size, a Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) heuristic is proposed, and compared with Multi-Start (MS), a Genetic Search algorithm (GA) and a Memetic Search algorithm (MA). VNS provides optimal solutions for all instances solved to optimality in a previous paper of the first two authors and outperforms MS, MA and GA on large instances. 相似文献