Autodetection of a Target by Eye Movement

Locating an unknown object position in a map by information stored in the unconscious mind is important from practical point of view. Locating captives, bomb, or terrorist secret bases by interrogation is problem that the intelligent agencies face daily. The person interrogated may have the desired information stored in unconscious or may not know it at all. In this article, we will present a novel way of retrieving the object location based on eye movement. The technique is based on a Bayesian mathematical approach to localization, in which measured count rates of eye fixation and duration, the probability of the location of the target is correlated with the count rate and drops as the distance increases from the fixation location. We focused on the discrete model and then generalized it to continuous model. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 452–459, 2016     

Drop formation from a wettable nozzle

The process of drop formation from a nozzle can be seen in many natural systems and engineering applications. However, previous research focuses on the pinch-off mechanism of drops from a non-wettable nozzle. Here we investigate the formation of a liquid droplet from a wettable nozzle. In the experiments, drops forming from a wettable nozzle initially climb the outer walls of the nozzle due to surface tension. Then, when the weight of the drops gradually increases, they eventually fall due to gravity. By changing the parameters such as the nozzle size and fluid flow rate, we have observed different behaviors of the droplets. Such oscillatory behavior is characterized by an equation that consists of capillary force, viscous drag, and gravity. Two asymptotic solutions in the initial and later stages of drop formation are obtained and show good agreement with the experimental observations.     

Solution of lattice gas models in the generalized ensemble on the Bethe lattice

We present the exact Bethe lattice solution for a lattice gas Potts model defined in the generalized ensemble which was previously studied in elucidating the anomalous thermodynamic properties of water. For this model the locus of density maxima (TMD), the locus of isothermal compressibility extrema, (TEC), the spinodal curve, and the percolation curve for four hydrogen bonded molecules are calculated using the Bethe lattice solution. The results confirm qualitative relationships between the TMD, the TEC, and the percolation curve obtained previously from a mean field calculation.     

Control of ring size selectivity by substrate directable RCM

Hydroxy groups may exert strong catalyst-directing effects in olefin metathesis reactions, which are exploited for a ring size-selective RCM reaction.     

Use of solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction in the analysis of polyphenols in wine

Solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction (SS-LLE) was compared to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for the analysis of phenolic compounds in wine. Diatomaceous earth commercial cartridges were evaluated together with "in-house" made cartridges for the wine phenolic extraction. Statistical treatment, analysis of variance ANOVA-single factor, was used to compare the extraction yields obtained by these methods, and for the majority of the studied compounds, significantly higher yields were obtained by the SS-LLE methodology using the "in-house" prepared cartridges. This is an environmentally friendly low-cost sample preparation method which proved to be reproducible (RSD<5% for the most compounds) and yielding high recoveries (80-100%) for the compounds studied.     

Scaling of spontaneous rotation with temperature and plasma current in tokamaks

Using theoretical arguments, a simple scaling law for the size of the intrinsic rotation observed in tokamaks in the absence of a momentum injection is found: The velocity generated in the core of a tokamak must be proportional to the ion temperature difference in the core divided by the plasma current, independent of the size of the device. The constant of proportionality is of the order of 10 km·s(-1)·MA·keV(-1). When the intrinsic rotation profile is hollow, i.e., it is countercurrent in the core of the tokamak and cocurrent in the edge, the scaling law presented in this Letter fits the data remarkably well for several tokamaks of vastly different size and heated by different mechanisms.     

A generic method for measuring the potential number of structure‐preserving transformations

In many fields of psychology, it may be interesting to measure the potential number of structure‐preserving transformations that exist between succeeding structures. The aim of this article is to present a methodology for measuring the potential number of structure‐preserving transformations between succeeding structures and to illustrate the applicability of the methodology through a case study. The article concludes by discussing the lessons and implications of the proposed methodology for microgenetic research. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012     

Physics of the liquid-liquid critical point

Within the inherent structure thermodynamic formalism introduced by Stillinger and Weber [Phys. Rev. A 25, 978 (1982)]], we address the basic question of the physics of the liquid-liquid transition and of density maxima observed in some complex liquids such as water by identifying, for the first time, the statistical properties of the potential energy landscape responsible for these anomalies. We also provide evidence of the connection between density anomalies and the liquid-liquid critical point. Within the simple (and physically transparent) model discussed, density anomalies do imply the existence of a liquid-liquid transition.     

Survival of adult neurons lacking cholesterol synthesis in vivo

Background  

Cholesterol, an essential component of all mammalian plasma membranes, is highly enriched in the brain. Both during development and in the adult, brain cholesterol is derived from local cholesterol synthesis and not taken up from the circulation. However, the contribution of neurons and glial cells to total brain cholesterol metabolism is unknown.