Fast parallel detection of feline panleukopenia virus DNA by multi‐channel microchip electrophoresis with programmed step electric field strength

A multi‐channel microchip electrophoresis using a programmed step electric field strength (PSEFS) method was investigated for fast parallel detection of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) DNA. An expanded laser beam, a 10× objective lens, and a charge‐coupled device camera were used to simultaneously detect the separations in three parallel channels using laser‐induced fluorescence detection. The parallel separations of a 100‐bp DNA ladder were demonstrated on the system using a sieving gel matrix of 0.5% poly(ethylene oxide) (M_r = 8 000 000) in the individual channels. In addition, the PSEFS method was also applied for faster DNA separation without loss of resolving power. A DNA size marker, FPV DNA sample, and a negative control were simultaneously analyzed with single‐run and one‐step detection. The FPV DNA was clearly distinguished within 30 s, which was more than 100 times faster than with conventional slab gel electrophoresis. The proposed multi‐channel microchip electrophoresis with PSEFS was demonstrated to be a simple and powerful diagnostic method to analyze multiple disease‐related DNA fragments in parallel with high speed, throughput, and accuracy.     

Amperometric nonenzymatic determination of glucose based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with nickel(II) oxides and graphene

We have developed a stable and sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a composite incorporating nickel(II) oxides and reduced graphene. The oxides were generated by directly electrodepositing nickel on the GCE with a graphene modifier using a multi-potential pulse process, and then oxidizing nickel to nickel(II) oxides by potential cycling. In comparison to the conventional nickel(II) oxides-modified GCE, this new nickel(II) oxides-graphene modified GCE (NiO-GR/GCE) has an about 1.5 times larger current response toward the nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose in alkaline media. The response to glucose is linear in the 20 μM to 4.5 mM concentration range. The limit of detection is 5 μM (at a S/N of 3), and the response time is very short (<3 s). Other beneficial features include selectivity, reproducibility and stability. A comparison was performed on the determination of glucose in commercial red wines by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and revealed the promising aspects of this sensor with respect to the determination of glucose in real samples.

A novel reaction of the ‘Huisgen zwitterion’ with benzofuran-2,3-diones: an efficient strategy for the synthesis of spirocyclic benzofuran-2-one derivatives

The nitrogen-based nucleophile generated from azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine displayed good reactivity toward benzofuran-2,3-diones to generate a variety of spirocyclic benzofuran-2-one derivatives. The reactions accommodate a number of benzofuran-2,3-diones and different dialkylazodicarboxylates to give the enriched functionalized 3-spirooxadiazole benzofuran-2-ones with moderate to good yields (up to 93%).     

Solubility of Icariin in a Binary Solvent System of Ethanol and Water

The solubility of icariin in the binary solvent system of ethanol and water was measured by UV–Vis spectrophotometry from 288.2 to 328.2 K. The solubility of icariin in the system increased with increasing temperature. A synergistic effect appeared at x ₂ = 0.4 (equivalent to 68.34 % ethanol, v/v) binary mixture. Solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation. The enthalpy and entropy of solution were evaluated using van’t Hoff plots.     

Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution by an Effective Clay Composite Material

Adsorption is an effective treatment process for removing phosphorus and thus controlling eutrophication. In this study, a clay composite material called Al–dolomite–montmorillonite (Al–DM) was prepared and characterized. Al–DM performed well with respect to phosphate removal, with its performance depending on the Al–DM loading, contact time, initial phosphorus concentration and initial solution pH. Adsorption mechanisms were investigated by conducting batch tests on phosphate adsorption using the Al–DM. The adsorption process fitted both the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the intra-particle diffusion model. The Langmuir, Freundlich and BET models all adequately described the adsorption isotherm data. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Al–DM is an effective adsorbent for phosphate removal mainly due to its hierarchical porous structures as shown by characterization with SEM and EDS. Chemical changes occurring before and after adsorption in a water environment indicated that Al–DM had little negative effect on water quality.     

分散固相萃取净化气相色谱-质谱联用法快速检测纸质包装材料中18种光引发剂

建立了一种分散固相萃取(d-SPE)净化、气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)检测纸质包装材料中18种光引发剂(PIs)的分析方法。样品经水浸润后,用乙腈对样品进行超声提取,提取液经正己烷-乙酸乙酯溶液(3∶7,V/V)液液萃取后,用无水MgSO4、N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和C18粉末分散固相萃取净化,以GC-MS法测定,内标法定量。18种PIs在0.01～0.2 mg/L内线性关系良好(R2>0.997),3个加标水平(0.1,0.4和2 mg/m2)的回收率在81.6%～123.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.2%～9.6%,检出限(LOD)为0.007～0.023 mg/m2。结果表明:本方法简便、测定结果准确,可用于纸质包装材料中18种光引发剂残留的高通量检测。     

Studies on the Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activities of 13‐cis‐Retinoyl Sugar Derivatives

New retinoyl sugar derivatives of 13‐cis‐retinoic acid were synthesized in three ways in this paper in order to enhance pharmacal effects, especially antiproliferative activities of 13‐cis‐retinoic acid. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, and MS spectra and their antiproliferative activities were determined in vitro using human cancer lines. Results showed that some compounds possessed potential antitumor activities.     

支化侧链偶氮无规共聚物中空和类囊泡聚集体研究

研究了支化侧链型偶氮无规共聚物(PMAPB6P-AA)在THF/H2O混合溶液中的自组装行为.研究发现,通过缓慢增加体系的水含量,可以制备出具有中空结构的非球形聚集体.调节聚合物的初始浓度,可以得到不同粒径的聚集体.聚集体中偶氮生色团的光致异构化速率与异构化程度随聚合物初始浓度的增大而减小.在此基础上,采用更加缓慢的增加水含量的方法,使聚合物分子进行充分的疏水聚集与H-聚集,制备出类囊泡状聚集体.在紫外光照射条件下,观察到类囊泡聚集体发生了光致解聚集.