Ti基IrO2＋Ta2O5阳极在H2SO4溶液中的电解时效行为

研究了450 ℃制备所得Ti/70％IrO2 30％Ta2O5（摩尔分数）高寿命阳极在H2SO4溶液电解过程中电极的物理、化学及电化学性能的时效行为.结果发现，整个电解过程可分为“活化”、“稳定”及“失效”三个阶段.在“活化”及“稳定”区内主要发生电极表面活性氧化物的溶解，涂层中IrO2金红石相的（110）、（101）晶面择优取向随电解时间延长而减弱，而（002）晶面择优增强.但是在“失效区”内，各晶面的择优程度却不随电解时间的变化而变化，这表明在“失效区”内氧化物的损失机制发生了变化.电化学阻抗谱测试表明，电极的析氧电化学反应电阻随电解时间的延长发生缓慢而连续的上升，而整个电极的物理阻抗在“失效区”内却发生突升现象.X射线衍射分析（XRD）表明，随电解时间的延长TiO2金红石相的衍射强度增大，达“失效区”时衍射强度发生突升.根据实验现象特别是“失效区”内阳极的时效行为提出高寿命Ti基氧化物涂层阳极的失效机制.     

Synthesis of benzylidene-pendant polyphthalimidines from flexible bisphthalides and various diamines

New polyphthalimidine-forming monomers, 5,5′-(oxydi-p-phenylenedicarbonyl)bis(3-benzylidenephthalide) and the 6,6′-derivative, were synthesized by the Friedel–Crafts reaction of diphenyl ether with 5- and 6-chloroformyl-3-benzylidenephthalide, respectively. The direct polycondensation of these bisphthalides with both aliphatic and aromatic diamines in o-phenylphenol at 200–250°C afforded polyphthalimidines having inherent viscosities of 0.2–1.2 dL/g in almost quantitative yields. Syntheses of aliphatic polyphthalimidines with higher inherent viscosities were also achieved by a two-step procedure involving ring-opening polyaddition and subsequent thermal cyclodehydration. All the polymers were amorphous and readily soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), m-cresol, nitrobenzene, pyridine, and chloroform. Tough and flexible films could be cast from NMP solutions of the polymers. Glass transition temperatures of the polyphthalimidines were in the range of 158–246°C. The thermogravimetry of the aromatic polymers showed 10% weight loss in air and nitrogen at 445–515 and 500–520°C, respectively. The crosslinking reaction of some benzylidenependant polyphthalimidines took place at 300°C through double-bond addition to afford cured polymers with improved thermal stability.     

乙醇和甲苯组成的最低共沸混合物热力学性质的研究

The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of ethanol and toluene was measured by a high precision adiabatic calorimeter from 80 to 320 K. The glass transition and phase transitions of the azeotropic mixture were determined based on the heat capacity measurements. A glass transition at 103.350 K was found. A solid-solid phase transition at 127.282 K, two solid-liquid phase transitions at 153.612 and 160.584 K were observed, which correspond to the transition of metastable crystal to stable crystal of ethanol and the melting of ethanol and toluene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess ones of the mixture relative to the standard temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.     

A kinetic stability study of <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>N<Subscript>5</Subscript> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>=Li,Na, K,and Rb)

A structure and kinetic stability study on some complexes with the general formula MN₅, where M are the alkali-metal atoms, Li, Na, K, and Rb, has been carried by using hybrid density functional methods. Complex B (C_2v) with two points of attachment to the N₅ ring is the most energetically favored for all metals considered here. Pyramidal structures A (C_5v) are kinetically unstable and they rapidly rearrange to the most stable planar structures B. At the QCISD(T)/6-311 + G*//B3LYP/6-311 + G* + ZPE (B3LYP/6-311 + G*) level, the decomposition barrier heights of LiN₅-B, NaN₅–B, KN₅-B, and RbN₅-B are predicted to be 19.9, 22.0, 22.5, and 23.0 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, the rate constants of the decomposition reaction MN₅-B MN₃ + N₂ (M + Li, Na, K, and Rb) are also predicted using conventional transition state theory and canonical variational transition state theory, respectively.     

Voltammetric study of the interaction of lomefloxacin (LMF)–Mg(II) complex with DNA and its analytical application

The voltammetric behavior of the LMF-Mg(II) complex with DNA at a mercury electrode is reported for the first time. In NH₃–NH₄Cl buffer (pH=9.10), the adsorption phenomena of the LMF–Mg(II) complex were observed by linear sweep voltammetry. The mechanism of the electrode reaction was found to be a reduction of LMF in the complex, and the composition of the LMF–Mg(II) complex is 2:1. In the presence of calf thymus DNA (ctDNA), the peak current of LMF–Mg(II) complex decreased considerably, and a new well-defined adsorptive reduction peak appeared at −1.63 V (vs. SCE). The electrochemical kinetic parameters and the binding number of LMF–Mg(II) with ctDNA were also obtained. Moreover, the new peak currents of LMF–Mg(II)–DNA system increased linearly correlated to the concentration of DNA in the 4.00×10⁻⁷–2.60×10⁻⁶ g ml⁻¹ range when the concentrations of LMF–Mg(II) complex was fixed at 5.00×10⁻⁶ mol l⁻¹, with the detection limits of 2.33×10⁻⁷ g ml⁻¹. An electrostatic interaction was suggested by electrochemical method.     

Quantitative volatilization of tin as mixed halides and its application in metal analysis

Proposed in this paper is an improved method for removal of tin as the matrix element by volatilization in an anhydrous medium as mixed halides of different composition. Any one of them boils at a lower temperature than SnBr₄. This ternary system enhances the eventual recombination of temporarily dissociated species to volatile ones, thus making the process quicker and more efficient. The presence of 2 mg of Pb(II) suffices to prevent Bi(III) from loss due to volatilization.     

含氢碳原子团簇的初步研究

介绍直接用激光溅射芳香化合物固态样品产生的含氢磷原子团簇离子（C_nH~＋_m），并用飞行时间质谱仪研究了其组成和结构．实验发现，在低质量区（n＝32－56）得到了具有奇偶碳原子数的含氢磷原子簇，而在高质量区（n＞100）除了得到纯碳原子簇以外，还得到了含氢碳原子簇．根据对实验结果的分析提出了两种结构模型：对低质量区的团簇，其结构为芳香基团与富勒烯笼状框架的复合体；对高质量区的团簇，其结构为蜗牛形与圆柱形的复合体．     

Novel Water Soluble Fluorescent Trimethine Indocyanines Containing N-ρ-Carboxybenzyl Group

Indocyanine dyes as fluorescent labeling reagents have been used in bioanalysis1,2. Arylsulfonate indocyanine dyes 1d and 1e developed by Waggoner A. S. et al.3,4 have excellent fluorescent properties combined with good aqueous solubility, are a new generation of fluorescent label compounds for proteins, oligonucleotides and other compounds containing hydroxyl, mercaptol or primary amine groups5. However, photostability of these dyes has been a problem. Z. G. YAO et al.6 reported that p…     

Electronic conduction properties of silver particles in cesium oxide

The electronic conductivity of a particular metallic particles/semiconductor system, i.e. Ag particles in cesium-oxide thin film, has been studied. The experimental results show a transition from a polycrystalline semiconductor to metallic behavior as characterized by the conductivity-temperature curve (log bs 1/T), and a five order of magnitude increase in the room temperature value of the conductivity with surface Ag content increasing from an equivalent thickness of 2Å to 20Å. It was observed by TEM that the deposited Ag was mainly in the form of dispersed particles with the particle size varying from 20 to 200Å and their separations varying from hundreds to tens of angstroms over the Ag content range. These results can hardly be explained with the model of direct electron tunneling through the Schottky barrier at the Ag-particle/cesium-oxide interface. A microstructure model with two conduction layers is presented, and an analogy to the hopping conduction mechanism is proposed to explain the electronic conduction behavior. This model predicts that the attenuation length for electronic wavefunctions localized at Ag particles falls in the range 20–50Å.     

A study of a nonprimitive model for electrolyte solutions based on perturbation theory

The equation for the Helmholtz free energy for systems of small anisotropic molecules and ions is deduced by substituting the complete expression for various potential energies (including repulsive, dispersive, electrostatic, and induced energies) into the perturbation expansion. The equation is applied to pure water. The relative dielectric constant is set at unity. Based on the equal chemical potentials of equilibrated vapor and liquid phases, the molecular parameters of water are regressed from the densities of saturated vapor in the temperature range of 0 to 370°C. The ARD of regression is 1.16%. These parameters are used to predict the heat of vaporization and densities of saturated vapor and liquid phases of water in the same temperature range. The ARDs of prediction are 4.5% and 9.8%, respectively. The equation is used to correlate the osmotic coefficients of twelve 1:1 electrolyte solutions. The relative dielectric constant is set at unity. The parameters (Soft-sphere diameter and dispersive constant) of seven ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Cl^–, Br^–, and I^–) are obtained. The total average absolute deviation between calculated and experimental values of the osmotic coefficient is 0.041. The parameters of ions can keep constant in different systems.