Senecicannabine,a new pyrrolizidine alkaloid from senecio cannabifolius

The structure of senecicannabine($\text{1}$), a new mcrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from $\text{Senecio cannabifolius}$, has been established by chemical study and X-ray analysis.     

Mass spectral fragmentations of 6-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-1,3,2,6-dioxathiazocine 2-Oxides

The mass spectral fragmentation of 4-, 5-, and 4,8-disubstituted derivatives of 6-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-1,3,2,6-dioxathiazocine 2-oxides is reported.     

Construction of an atomic decomposition for functions with compact support

Chang, Krantz and Stein [D.-C. Chang, S.G. Krantz, E.M. Stein, Hp theory on a smooth domain in Rn and elliptic boundary value problems, J. Funct. Anal. 114 (1993) 286-347] proved that if f∈Hp(Rn) and f vanishes outside , then f has an atomic decomposition whose atoms are contained in Ω. The purpose of this paper is to give another proof for the case n/(n+1)<p?1 and Ω a cube. Our argument provides a simple, direct construction of the desired atomic decomposition, and it works in a class of function spaces more general than the usual Hardy spaces.     

Generalized fractional maximal and integral operators on Orlicz and generalized Orlicz–Morrey spaces of the third kind

Positivity - In the present paper, we will characterize the boundedness of the generalized fractional integral operators $$I_{rho }$$ and the generalized fractional maximal operators $$M_{rho }$$...     

Microstructure, microhardness, composition, and corrosive properties of stainless steel 304 I. Laser surface alloying with silicon by beam-oscillating method.

Laser surface alloying (LSA) with silicon was conducted on austenitic stainless steel 304. Silicon slurry composed of silicon particle of 5 μm in average diameter was made and a uniform layer was supplied on the substrate stainless steel. The surface was melted with beam-oscillated carbon dioxide laser and then LSA layers of 0.4–1.2 mm in thickness were obtained. When an impinged energy density was adjusted to be equal to or lower than 100 W mm⁻², LSA layers retained rapidly solidified microstructure with dispersed cracks. In these samples, Fe₃Si was detected and the concentration of Si in LSA layer was estimated to be 10.5 wt.% maximum. When the energy density was equal to or greater than 147 W mm⁻², cellular grained structure with no crack was formed. No iron silicate was observed and alpha iron content in LSA layers increased. Si concentration within LSA layers was estimated to be 5 to 9 wt.% on average. Crack-free as-deposited samples exhibited no distinct corrosion resistance. The segregation of Si was confirmed along the grain boundaries and inside the grains. The microstructure of these samples changed with solution-annealing and the corrosion resistance was fairly improved with the time period of solution-annealing. Received: 2 September 1999 / Accepted: 6 September 1999 / Published online: 1 March 2000     

Three dimensional gain analysis of free electron laser with focusing permanent magnet wiggler

A three dimensional simulation software system developed to estimate a free electron laser (FEL) gain has been applied to FEL using a standard plane polarized wiggler and an alternately shifted magnet wiggler. It is seen for the latter wiggler that a large filling factor could be selected and each maximum gain corresponding to each orbit of electron beam concentrates at a certain frequency region of FEL radiation. It is, therefore, implied that a proper shift between the adjacent magnets in the wiggler produces the improvement of the FEL gain.     

Hybrid Planar Wiggler with a Period of 2 cm for Higher Harmonic FEL Lasing

A hybrid planar wiggler with a period of 20 mm has been studied as the simplest one which gives the strong field including some higher harmonic components by selecting proper sizes of the ferromagnetic and the permanent magnet. Small gap length of the wiggler and small width of permendur satisfy these conditions to a certain degree.Gain analysis of FEL suggests that for high wiggler field of K>1 1.6, higher harmonic gains are improved primarily due to its strong field, and for low wiggler field of K< 1 1.6, they are mainly due to the modification of the wiggler field distribution.     

Perceived pitch of whispered vowels-relationship with formant frequencies: A preliminary study

To clarify the role of formant frequency in the perception of pitch in whispering, we conducted a preliminary experiment to determine (1.) whether speakers change their pitch during whispering; (2.) whether listeners can perceive differences in pitch; and (3.) what the acoustical features are when speakers change their pitch. The listening test of whispered Japanese speech demonstrates that one can determine the perceived pitch of vowel /a/ as ordinary, high, or low. Acoustical analysis revealed that the perception of pitch corresponds to some formant frequencies. Further data with synthesized whispered voice are necessary to confirm the importance of the formant frequencies in detail for perceived pitch of whispered vowels.