Effect of radiation process on antinutrients and HCl extractability of calcium,phosphorus and iron during processing and storage

Whole and dehulled flours of millet cultivars Ashana and Dembi were stored for 30 and 60 days before and after radiation and/or cooking. Phytic acid and polyphenols contents were assayed for all treatments. The results revealed that the storage period was found to have no effect on phytate and polyphenols contents. Moreover, dehulling of the grains reduced more than 50% of phytate and polyphenols of both cultivars. Cooking of the raw whole and dehulled flour significantly (P≤0.05) reduced phytate and polyphenols contents for both cultivars. Radiation process alone had no effect on phytate and polyphenols contents but when followed by cooking significantly (P≤0.05) reduced the level of such antinutrients for the whole and dehulled flour of both cultivars. Dehulling alone significantly (P≤0.05) decreased Ca and P content but slightly decreased Fe content. Radiation alone or in combination with cooking was found to have slight effect on minerals content of the whole and dehulled raw flour for both cultivars. Cooking alone or in combination with radiation of whole or dehulled raw flour significantly (P≤0.05) improved the extractable Ca but had no significant (P≤0.05) effect on extractable P and Fe for both cultivars.     

A sunlight-induced method for rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using an <Emphasis Type="Italic">Andrachnea chordifolia</Emphasis> ethanol extract

In this study a sunlight-induced method for rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using an ethanol extract of Andrachnea chordifolia is described. The silver nitrate solutions (1 mM) containing the ethanol extract of Andrachnea chordifolia were irradiated by both sunlight radiation and by sunlight radiation passed through different colored filters (red, yellow or green). The smallest size of silver nanoparticles was obtained when a silver ion solution was irradiated for 5 minutes by direct sunlight radiation. Further examination of the shape and size and of the surface chemistry of these biogenic silver nanoparticles, which were prepared under sunlight radiation, was carried out using transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images show spherical particles with an average size of 3.4 nm. Hydroxyl residues were also detected on the surface of these biogenic silver nanoparticles fabricated using plant extract of Andrachnea chordifolia under sunlight radiation. Our study on the reduction of silver ions by this plant extract in darkness shows that the synthesis process can take place under dark conditions at much longer incubations (48 hours). Larger silver polydispersed nanoparticles ranging in size from 3 to 30 nm were obtained when the silver ions were treated with the ethanol extract of Andrachnea chordifolia under dark conditions for 48 hours.     

A divergent approach to highly substituted benzothiepinones and to 2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-4-ones

The radical addition-transfer of S-(2-fluoro-phenacyl)xanthates can be used to construct rapidly benzothiepinones, including libraries of complex aza-bridged derivatives, and highly functionalized 2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-4-ones.     

Effects of length and number of aromatic rings in carboxylic acid ligands on structure and optical properties of lead(II) coordination polymers

Research on Chemical Intermediates - To systematically examine the effects of the length and number of aromatic rings in carboxylic acid ligands on the structure and properties of lead(II)...     

One-pot Synthesis of 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines Catalyzed by Heteropolyacids

Condensation of aldehydes, isonitriles and 2‐aminopyridines in the presence of H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀ affords different derivatives of 3‐aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine in good to excellent yields.     

A simple flow injection spectrophotometric determination of nitrite based on its reaction with thiourea.

A simple flow injection spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrite is described. Nitrite injected into the flow system reacts with thiourea in acidic medium and the generated thiocyanate ion reacts with Fe(III) in the reagent solution to produce a highly colored product. The influences of chemical and physical parameters including reagent concentrations, sample volume injected, flow rates of the carrier and reagent solutions, reaction coil length and reaction temperature, were studied and optimum values of these parameters were established. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curve for nitrite was linear over the concentration range 0.36 - 90 microg ml(-1) without preconcentration and over the range 3.8 - 500 ng ml(-1) with a simple online preconcentration step using an anion exchange column. The corresponding detection limits were 0.36 micro ml(-1) and 3.8 ng ml(-1), respectively. Up to 25 samples can be analyzed per hour, with an average relative standard deviation of < or = 1.2%. Interferences by various foreign ions were studied and the method was applied to the determination of nitrite in water and spiked water samples.     

Regioselective Synthesis of Para‐Bromo Aromatic Compounds

Reaction of substituted benzene rings with N‐bromophthalimide, under neutral conditions, gave the corresponding bromo derivatives with a preference for the formation of the para bromo isomer over the ortho isomer. The simple work‐up procedure minimizes loss of product and the yields are good.     

Assignment of the absolute configuration of fischerin by computed nmr chemical shifts

The unassigned configurations of a toxic metabolite to mammals extracted from Neosartorya fischeri (fischerin) in C19, C20, C21, and C22 are assigned as R, R, R, and S, respectively. In this assignment, the extensive ab initio calculations followed by chemical shift computations are performed. Computed chemical shifts are correlated to experimental ones in order to find the correct configuration shown here.     

Synthetic Approaches towards the Sulfonamide Substituted‐1,5‐Diarylimidazole‐2‐thiones as Selective Cyclooxygense‐2 inhibitors

A new series of sulfonamide substituted 1,5‐diarylimidazole, possessing C‐2 alkylthio moiety, were synthesized for their cyclooxygense‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitory activity starting from condensation of N,N‐dibenzylaminosulfonylphenacylamine hydrochloride ( 2 ) and corresponding isothiocyanate in the presence of Et₃N, followed by alkylation in the basic medium. In concomitant with these intermediates, 2‐arylamino‐5‐arylthiazole derivatives 5 were also produced. The ratio of these two products was variable with different isothiocyanates. Final debenzylation was achieved using concentrated sulfuric acid to give the title sulfonamides 8 .