Correction: Phytol-based novel adjuvants in vaccine formulation: 1. assessment of safety and efficacy during stimulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses

This is a correction article.     

Relativistic version of Landau theory of Fermi liquid in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field—an exact formalism

An exact formalism for the relativistic version of Landau theory of Fermi liquid in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field is developed. Both direct and exchange type interactions with scalar and vector coupling cases are considered.     

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies on core-shell structured nanocomposites

Core-shell nanostructures were grown in silica-based glasses. Copper-copper oxide and iron-iron oxide structures had diameters in the range 3-6 nm, with shell thicknesses ∼1-2 nm. Silver-lithium niobate core-shell nanostructures had diameters in the range 4.2-46 nm and thicknesses varying from 2.2 to 22 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were carried out on all these specimens. The analyses of these results show the presence of Cu⁺/Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ and Nb⁴⁺/Nb⁵⁺ valence states in the above three systems. Electrical resistivity data were fitted satisfactorily to the small polaron hopping model in the case of copper and iron-containing specimens. The presence of ions in the lithium niobate shell provides direct evidence of the formation of localized states between which variable range hopping conduction can be effected.     

Polychromatic intensity point spread function of a birefringent lens

We study the intensity point spread function (IPSF) of a uniaxial birefringent lens sandwiched between two linear polarizers under broadband illumination having flat-top spectral profile. The optic axis of the birefringent crystal is perpendicular to the lens axis. For monochromatic input illumination, a low-power birefringent lens offers enhanced resolution under parallel-polarizers configuration and apodization under crossed-polarizers configuration with a single focus as well. At a relatively high value of birefringence parameter, the proposed system behaves as a double-focus lens. The present communication uses a novel technique to study the effect of polychromatic illumination on the imaging characteristics of birefringent lenses. The studies reveal that the imaging characteristics of the low-power birefrigent lens does not deteriorate considerably under polychromatic illumination. However, for a polychromatic beam with large bandwidth, the imaging behavior of the system having high birefringence parameter deviates appreciably from that under strictly monochromatic illumination. The said system even loses its inherent bi-focal nature due to depolarization of polarized polychromatic light upon passage through the birefringent crystal.     

Coupled channel description of O+Nd scattering around the Coulomb barrier using a complex microscopic potential

Angular distributions of elastic scattering and inelastic scattering from 2⁺₁ state are measured for ¹⁶O+^142,144,146Nd systems at several energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. The angular distributions are systematically analyzed in coupled channel framework. Renormalized double folded real optical and coupling potentials with DDM3Y interaction have been used in the calculation. Relevant nuclear densities needed to generate the potentials are derived from shell model wavefunctions. A truncated shell model calculation has been performed and the calculated energy levels are compared with the experimental ones. To simulate the absorption, a ‘hybrid’ approach is adopted. The contribution to the imaginary potential of couplings to the inelastic channels, other than the 2⁺₁ target excitation channel, is calculated in the Feshbach formalism. This calculated imaginary potential along with a short ranged volume Woods–Saxon potential to simulate the absorption in fusion channel reproduces the angular distributions for ¹⁶O+¹⁴⁶Nd quite well. But for ¹⁶O+^142,144Nd systems additional surface absorption is found to be necessary to fit the angular distribution data. The variations of this additional absorption term with incident energy and the mass of the target are explored.     

Energy crisis or a new soliton in the noncommutative CP(1) model?

The non-commutative (NC) CP(1) model is studied from field theory perspective. Our formalism and definition of the NC CP(1) model differs crucially from the existing one [Phys. Lett. B 498 (2001) 277, hep-th/0203125, hep-th/0303090].

Due to the U(1) gauge invariance, the Seiberg–Witten map is used to convert the NC action to an action in terms of ordinary spacetime degrees of freedom and the subsequent theory is studied. The NC effects appear as (NC parameter) θ-dependent interaction terms. The expressions for static energy, obtained from both the symmetric and canonical forms of the energy momentum tensor, are identical, when only spatial noncommutativity is present. Bogomolny analysis reveals a lower bound in the energy in an unambiguous way, suggesting the presence of a new soliton. However, the BPS equations saturating the bound are not compatible to the full variational equation of motion. This indicates that the definitions of the energy momentum tensor for this particular NC theory (the NC theory is otherwise consistent and well defined), are inadequate, thus leading to the “energy crisis”.

A collective coordinate analysis corroborates the above observations. It also shows that the above mentioned mismatch between the BPS equations and the variational equation of motion is small.     

The effect of growth ambient on the structural and optical properties of MgxZn1−xO thin films

Mg_xZn_1−xO (x = 0.0-0.20) thin films have been deposited by sol-gel technique on glass substrates and the effect of growth ambient (air and oxygen) on the structural, and optical properties have been investigated. The films synthesized in both ambient have hexagonal wurtzite structure. The c-axis lattice constant decreases linearly with the Mg content (x) up to x = 0.05, and 0.10 respectively for air- and oxygen-treated films, above which up to x = 0.20, the values vary irregularly with x. The change in the optical band gap values and the ultraviolet (UV) peak positions of Mg_xZn_1−xO films show the similar change with x. These results suggest that the formation of solid solution and thus the structural and optical properties of Mg_xZn_1−xO thin films are affected by the growth ambient.     

Influence of Cavity Decay on Phase Distribution and Rabi Flopping in Cavity QED

The quantum mechanical phase distribution and the quantum oscillations of population are studied for a cavity field togetherwith a driven classical field. The atom is sent through the cavity and driven by a classical field. Also the time evolution of the system including decay is obtained. The graph showing the Rabi oscillations for this system is changed into a bit pattern from the system without decay. The phase probability function is also affected due to the presence of cavity decay.     

Size-dependent linear and non-linear optical response of single carrier two-dimensional quantum dots

We explore the pattern of size dependence of linear and non-linear optical (NLO) responses of one-electron quantum dots in two dimensions with or without anharmonicity in the confinement potential. For some fixed values of transverse magnetic field strength (ω_c) and harmonic confinement potential (ω₀), the influence of the size of the dot on the linear (), the first (β) and the second (γ) NLO responses of the system computed through a finite field linear variational route is analysed. Size-dependent maximization is predicted to be feasible for the quadratic hyperpolarizability.