微分几何的教学设计与实践——以《可展曲面》为例

微分几何是数学类高年级本科生的一门专业课,课程内容充分体现了"数"与"形"的结合.通过微分几何的学习对培养学生的逻辑思维能力和直觉思维能力起到非常重要的作用.结合多年的教学实践,本文以可展曲面为例介绍微分几何课程的教学设计与实践体会.     

微重力池沸腾现象中的汽泡行为特性

本文对准稳态加热条件下的微重力核态池沸腾中的汽泡行为特征进行了实验研究,分析了初始核化过程、汽泡数密度、汽泡尺寸及其运动速度等的变化趋势,探讨了过冷度及加热历史等因素对相关特性的影响.实验发现:微重力条件下汽泡生成后沿加热面不停地移动;原生汽泡会聚合形成大汽泡,大汽泡不断捕掠小汽泡而长大,直到大汽泡覆盖整个加热面;汽泡生长速度随过冷度增加而变慢.     

液相等电聚焦结合乙酰化标记在比较蛋白质组学中的应用

建立了液相等电聚焦,一维电泳分离以及肽段乙酰化同位素标记的新技术,此技术在1∶5~5∶1范围内具有较好的动态范围(误差小于20%)。本方法不仅可以提高比较蛋白质组分离的通量,并有助于低丰度差异蛋白中的检出;并成功应用于正常肝脏与癌变肝脏组织的低丰度、偏碱性蛋白的差异比较蛋白质组分析,鉴定出16种差异蛋白,结果令人满意。     

CREEP BEHAVIOR OF Zr-1.5Nb-0.4Sn-0.1Fe-0.1Cu ALLOY

Creep behavior of the Zr-1.5Nb-0.4Sn-0.1Fe-0.1Cu alloy sheet is investigated from 300℃ to 400℃ in the stress range from 50 MPa to 180 MPa along the rolling direction. The measured strain rates range from 8.8 × 10^-10 s^-1 to 4.7 × 10^-7 s^-1. The activation energies are estimated to assess the creep deformation mechanisms in this alloy. The strain rate is slightly different at low stress, while it shows a distinct difference at high stresses. Stress exponents of this alloy increase with increasing applied stress at all testing temperatures. It is concluded that the creep deformation of the Zr-1.5Nb-0.4Sn-0.1Fe-0. 1 Cu alloy is controlled by the diffusion creep at low stress region and by the climbing of dislocations at high stress region.     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定土壤样品中的重金属离子

采用微波消解-ICP-MS测定土壤样品中铬、铜、镍、锌、镉、铅,利用国家环境标准样品ESS-1验证了方法的准确度,准确度在100%左右,测定值与标准值吻合,相对偏差小于4%,并比较了两种消化方法对测定结果的影响;优化了ICP/MS工作参数;用多内标法有效的校正了基体干扰.进行东北老工业基地某厂区土壤测试.方法的检出限0.0144-1.0218μg·g-1精密度为0.15%-3.51%,回收率为83.2%-108.9%,为环境土壤样品的分析测试提供了一种可靠、高灵敏分析方法.     

动力学分光光度法测定药物中的依诺沙星

在碱性介质中,依诺沙星能将紫红色的高锰酸钾还原成绿色的锰酸钾,基于这一反应,本文提出了测定依诺沙星的动力学分光光度法。实验发现反应体系在608nm处有一个吸收峰,而在526nm处有吸收负峰,实验以这两个波长为监测波长,研究了反应的最优实验条件。在最优实验条件下,依诺沙星的线性范围为0．3～2．1mg·L^-1,检测限为0．03mg·L^-1。将该方法应用于药物中依诺沙星的测定,测得的结果与HPLC法无显著性差异。     

偏最小二乘法-BP神经网络光度法同时测定复方氨基酸中色氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸

用偏最小二乘法与BP神经网络联用辅助吸光光度法,不经分离同时测定复方氨基酸注射液中色氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸。使用改进的BP算法,避免了神经网络学习过程中可能产生的麻痹现象;提出了目标向量的简单交换方法;采用均匀试验设计法,对网络参数进行了优化,避免了过拟合现象。     

耳道入口处声压分布模态作为听觉方向感知隐性线索的实验分析

通过分析双耳录音与真实听音之间的差别,推断存在影响听觉方向感知的隐性线索,而由头部及外耳结构引起的耳道入口处截面声压分布模态可能是其中一种。首先,通过听音实验利用反证法证明听觉方向感知隐性线索确实存在,并归纳总结出隐性线索的有效作用频段;然后,利用有限元仿真方法计算耳道入口处的声压分布,仿真结果表明耳道入口处声压分布是不均匀的,且分布模态与声源方向有关,从数值仿真的角度验证了耳道入口处截面的声压分布模态携带了声源方向信息,可以作为一种隐性定位线索;仿真计算所得前、后声源方向耳道入口处声压分布模态差异显著的频段与听音实验所得的隐性线索有效频段基本相符,在一定程度上支持耳道入口处声压分布模态是一种方向感知隐性线索的推测。     

HS-GC-IMS and PCA to Characterize the Volatile Flavor Compounds in Three Sweet Cherry Cultivars and Their Wines in China

The aim of this research was to characterize differences and sources of volatile flavor compounds by using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and principal component analysis (PCA). Three sweet cherry fruits from different cultivars (cv. Tie, Van, and Lap) and their wines that were produced by the same yeast were detected. The results showed that 27 flavor compounds were identified in cherry fruits, including 10 alcohols, 7 esters, 7 aldehydes, 2 ketones, and 1 organic acid. Twenty-three flavor compounds were identified in cherry wines, including nine esters, eight alcohols, three aldehydes, two organic acids, and one ketone. In cherry fruits, aldehydes, several alcohols, and one ketone were the most prevalent in cv. Tie, and the majority of esters and alcohols in cv. Van. After fermentation, ethanol, butanol, butanal, ethyl propionate, propionaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and acetic acid increased, whereas 1-hexanol, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 1-penten-3-ol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenal and hexanal decreased. Few differences were detected in the type and content of volatile compounds in cherry wines from cv. Tieton (WT) and cv. Van (WV). Almost all aldehydes are derived from cherry fruits, which cannot be produced during wine-making, and other volatile compounds are almost all produced by saccharomyces cerevisiae. The volatile compounds of cherry wines were determined by row materials and fermentation cultures. Flavor fingerprints were established by HS-GC-IMS and PCA, which provided a theoretical foundation for the evaluation and improvement of flavor quality in cherry wine-making.     

Combination of Docking-Based and Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening Identifies Novel Agonists That Target the Urotensin Receptor

The urotensin receptor (UT receptor), a G-protein-coupled receptor mediating urotensin-II and urotensin-II-related peptide signaling in the urotensinergic system, has multiple pharmacological activities. However, there is no drug targeting the UT receptor currently in clinical use, and the discovery of new leads is still important. The complete crystal structure of the UT receptor has not yet been resolved and a screening strategy combining multiple methods can improve the accuracy and efficiency of drug screening. This study aimed to identify novel UT receptor agonists using a combination of docking-based, pharmacophore-based, and cell-based drug screening. First, the three-dimensional structures of the UT receptor were constructed through single-template, multi-template homologous modeling and threading strategies. After structure evaluation and ligand enrichment analysis, a model from the threading modeling was selected for docking-based virtual screening based on stepwise filtering, and 1368 positive compounds were obtained from our compound library. Second, the pharmacophore models were constructed using known ligands targeting the UT receptor for pharmacophore-based virtual screening. A model was selected after model validation, and 300 positive compounds were retrieved. Then, after intersecting the results of two different virtual screening methods with 570 compound entities from our primary screening, 14 compounds were obtained. Finally, three hits were obtained after in vitro confirmation. Furthermore, preliminary evaluation of the hits showed that they influenced glucose consumption. In summary, by integrating docking-based, pharmacophore-based, and in vitro drug screening, three new agonists targeting the UT receptor were identified which may serve as promising therapeutic agents for urotensinergic system disorders.