超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法鉴别十字花科植物中硫代葡萄糖苷

建立超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法鉴别十字花科植物中硫代葡萄糖苷的分析方法。采用70%甲醇水溶液提取白芥种子中的硫代葡萄糖苷,通过反相C18柱分离,电喷雾–离子阱–飞行时间质谱测定。利用硫代葡萄糖苷二级质谱裂解产生的m/z 195,241,259,275,291特征离子和伴随产生的80,162,163,196,242 Da中性分子丢失规律,共鉴别出5种硫代葡萄糖苷。     

金属-有机框架色谱固定相的研究进展

金属-有机框架材料(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs),又称为多孔配位聚合物(Porous Coordination Pol-ymers,PCPs),是一类由金属离子与多齿有机配体通过配位键组装形成的网状结构的配位聚合物。由于具有比表面积高、热稳定性、机械稳定性和化学稳定性好和孔的可调性等特性,使其分析化学领域表现出了诱人的应用前景。本文综述了所有有关金属-有机框架色谱柱的研究进展。主要从色谱柱的类型方面进行论述,分析了不同类型色谱柱的优缺点。重点介绍了几种金属-有机框架色谱柱对芳香烃和烷烃的分析,并对MOFs色谱柱的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定纺织品中10种酚类化合物

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定纺织品中五氯苯酚、2,3,4,5-四氯苯酚、2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚、2,3,5,6-四氯苯酚、2,4,5-三氯苯酚、2,4,6-三氯苯酚、邻苯基苯酚、间羟基联苯、2-萘酚、对硝基苯酚10种酚类化合物的检测方法。纺织品中的酚类化合物经甲醇超声提取、浓缩后,以ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)为分析柱,乙腈和0.01 mol/L磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器,在220 nm和310 nm波长下进行高效液相色谱检测,紫外光谱库确证,外标法定量。10种酚类化合物在0.3～37 mg/L浓度范围内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 1～0.999 5;以不低于3倍的信噪比计算10种酚类化合物的检出限(LOD)为0.003 0～0.041 1 mg/kg;定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.010 0～0.1370 mg/kg。棉、麻、毛3种纺织品基质在3个不同加标水平的回收率为81%～105%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为1.7%～8.5%。该方法能同时完成10种酚类化合物的确证和分析,可用于纺织品中酚类化合物残留的检测分析。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定压敏胶及其制品中的多溴联苯与多溴二苯醚

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定压敏胶及其制品中多溴联苯(PBBs)和多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)的分析方法。通过制备的阳性样品,对压敏胶样品的前处理条件进行优化,选择以乙酸乙酯为溶剂溶解样品,甲醇作为沉淀剂除去高聚物,在选择离子监测(SIM)方式下进行GC-MS分析。在优化实验条件下,检测的PBBs和PBDEs在0.1~10 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不小于0.999;对常用的热熔型压敏胶、溶剂型压敏胶和乳液型压敏胶进行3水平空白加标回收实验,PBBs的回收率为86.5%~99.7%,相对标准偏差小于7%;十溴二苯醚的回收率为91.4%~95.8%,相对标准偏差小于5%。该方法简单、灵敏,适用于压敏胶及其制品中多溴联苯和多溴二苯醚的分析确证。     

巨介电CCTO及CCTO/聚合物研究

具有类钙钛矿结构的钛酸铜钙CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)介电陶瓷材料以其巨介电特性、介电常数的温度和频率稳定性及非线性等特性在材料研究领域和实际应用中受到广泛关注。本文比较了CCTO各种巨介电理论和模型,详述了目前能够较合理地解释CCTO巨介电特性的内部阻挡层电容模型(IBLC)。综述了制备方法、制备条件及改性方法对CCTO介电性能的影响。离子掺杂是降低CCTO介电损耗常用的方法之一,掺杂效果受掺杂离子半径、离子价态等多种因素的影响。将陶瓷粉体与聚合物进行复合形成0-3型复合材料是目前制备综合性能良好的介电材料的有效方法,对CCTO/聚合物复合材料的研究进展进行了评述。最后,展望了CCTO陶瓷材料的发展前景。     

胆碱类低共熔溶剂的物性及应用

作为一种新型的离子液体,胆碱类低共熔溶剂具有相比于其他离子液体更为突出的特点,如低毒、生物可降解、价格低廉等,这些特点使得此类离子液体在绿色化学和工程化学中受到越来越多的关注。本文分析了胆碱类低共熔溶剂的凝固点、熔点、溶解度、黏度、表面张力、电导率等物性随温度、组成、水分等因素的变化及理论预测模型,并介绍了胆碱类低共熔溶剂在润滑、功能材料制备、电化学、有机合成及生物质催化转化等方面的潜在应用。最后就胆碱类低共熔溶剂研究及应用中存在的问题及难点对其前景做出展望。     

含1,2,4-三唑硫醚单元的新型喹唑啉酮类衍生物的合成及其抗菌活性

采用活性单元拼接法设计并合成了10个含1,2,4-三唑硫醚单元的新型喹唑啉酮类衍生物(1a～1j),其结构经1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征。初步生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物具有一定的抗菌活性。其中1a对小麦赤霉菌的抑制率为40%;1j对半夏立枯菌的抑制率为34%;1e,1f和1h对水稻纹枯菌的抑制率分别为35%,34%和34%。     

Selective fluorescence response and magnetic separation probe for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene based on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles

Despite the rapid development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology, it is still desirable to develop novel nanoparticle-based techniques which are cost-effective, timesaving, and environment-friendly, and with ease of operation and procedural simplicity, for assay of target analytes. In the work discussed in this paper, the dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was conjugated to 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA)-capped iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (FITC–HDA Fe₃O₄ MNPs), and the product was characterized. HDA ligands on the surface of Fe₃O₄ MNPs can bind 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) to form TNT anions by acid–base pairing interaction. Formation of TNT anions, and captured TNT substantially affect the emission of FITC on the surface of the Fe₃O₄ MNPs, resulting in quenching of the fluorescence at 519 nm. A novel FITC–HDA Fe₃O₄ MNPs-based probe featuring chemosensing and magnetic separation has therefore been constructed. i.e. FITC–HDA Fe₃O₄ MNPs had a highly selective fluorescence response and enabled magnetic separation of TNT from other nitroaromatic compounds by quenching of the emission of FITC and capture of TNT in aqueous solution. Very good linearity was observed for TNT concentrations in the range 0.05–1.5 μmol?L^?1, with a detection limit of 37.2 nmol?L^?1 and RSD of 4.7 % (n?=?7). Approximately 12 % of the total amount of TNT was captured. The proposed methods are well-suited to trace detection and capture of TNT in aqueous solution.

Lipid profiling of human plasma from peritoneal dialysis patients using an improved 2D (NP/RP) LC-QToF MS method

An improved online two-dimensional liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D LC-QToF MS) system was developed for the lipid profiling of human plasma, in which different lipid classes were separated by the first dimensional normal-phase (NP) LC and different lipid molecular species were separated by the second dimensional reversed-phase (RP) LC. This 2D LC-QToF MS system was built based on a ten-port, two-position valve as the interface, the conditions of which had been optimized and discussed in detail. As two loops were used to trap and transfer the first dimensional elute to the second dimension separately, this new interface suppressed the sample band broadening in the first dimensional column, increased the recovery and repeatability of 2D LC interface, and offered the possibility for the realization of not-stop-flow NP/RP 2D LC system. Finally, 190 endogenous lipid species out of 10 lipid classes were determined within a single run from the plasma of peritoneal patients. This method was also applied to identify the difference in lipid profile between plasma from peritoneal dialysis patients with bad volume status and peritoneal dialysis patients with good volume status. The discovery of 30 potential biomarkers would be helpful to the malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis syndrome investigation.     

Selective separation of lambdacyhalothrin by porous/magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization

Porous/magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (PM‐MIPs) were prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization. The reaction was carried out in an oil/water emulsion using magnetic halloysite nanotubes as the stabilizer instead of a toxic surfactant. In the oil phase, the imprinting process was conducted by radical polymerization of functional and cross‐linked monomers, and porogen chloroform generated steam under the high reaction temperature, which resulted in some pores decorated with easily accessible molecular binding sites within the as‐made PM‐MIPs. The characterization demonstrated that the PM‐MIPs were porous and magnetic inorganic–polymer composite microparticles with magnetic sensitivity (M_s = 0.7448 emu/g), thermal stability (below 473 K) and magnetic stability (over the pH range of 2.0–8.0). The PM‐MIPs were used as a sorbent for the selective binding of lambdacyhalothrin (LC) and rapidly separated under an external magnetic field. The Freundlich isotherm model gave a good fit to the experimental data. The adsorption kinetics of the PM‐MIPs was well described by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, indicating that the chemical process could be the rate‐limiting step in the adsorption of LC. The selective recognition experiments exhibited the outstanding selective adsorption effect of the PM‐MIPs for target LC. Moreover, the PM‐MIPs regeneration without significant loss in adsorption capacity was demonstrated by at least four repeated cycles.