On the analytical solutions of unstable surface layer similarity equations

Summary An approximate relationship between the gradient, Ri, and the bulk Richardson number, Ri_b, for unstable atmospheric conditions, is suggested. The proposed relation shows much better agreement with the estimation provided by a numerical iterative method than the usual approximations suggested by Louis and Byun.     

The number of ideals in a quadratic field

LetK be a quadratic Geld, and letR(N) be the number of integer ideals inK with norm at most AT. Letx with conductork be the quadratic character associated withK. Then |R(N)−NL(1,x)|⩽Bk ^50/73 N ^23/73(logN)^461/146 forN ≥Ak, whereA andB are constants. ForN ≥Ak ^c,C sufficiently large, the factork ^50/73 may be replaced by (d(k))^4/73 k ^46/73. Dedicated to the memory of Professor K G Ramanathan     

Efficacy of the accent method of voice therapy

The management of voice disorders may follow one of four approaches: surgical, pharmacological, technical aid, and/or voice therapy. The latter approach offers a wide variety of techniques, each based on certain theoretical beliefs. One of these techniques is the Smith Accent Method. The principles and goals of the Accent Method are presented. The results of its application are discussed. This technique proved effective for cases of functional voice disorders, vocal nodules, and some degrees of vocal fold paralysis.     

Deposition of amorphous hydrogenated semiconductors by magnetron assisted silane decomposition

Magnetron assisted silane decomposition (MASD) is proposed as a method for deposition of a-Si:H and its alloys. In this method a silane containing gas mixture is passed through the magnetron plasma near a target and decomposed there. The deposition rate in the case of the c-Si target is increased 3 times compared to magnetron sputtering and film properties are changed. a-SiSn:H is obtained with a Sn target.     

Reactions of the nitrate radical with a series of reduced organic sulphur compounds in air

A 480 L evacuable reaction chamber, equipped with FT-IR spectroscopy on-line and ion chromatography off-line, has been used to study the gas phase reaction between the nitrate radical, NO₃, and the reduced organic sulphur compounds CH₃CH₂SH, (CH₃CH₂)₂S, (CH₃CH₂)₂S₂, and CH₃CH₂SCH₃ in air. The products CH₃CH₂SO₃H, SO₂, H₂SO₄, CH₃CHO, and CH₃CH₂ONO₂ were identified and quantified in the reactions of the first three compounds, CH₃CH₂SH, (CH₃CH₂)₂S, and (CH₃CH₂)₂S₂. The reaction products were CH₃CH₂SO₃H, CH₃SO₃H, SO₂, H₂SO₄, CH₃CHO, and CH₂O in the reaction of CH₃CH₂SCH₃. On the basis of identified reaction products and intermediates observed in the infrared spectra, mechanisms are proposed for the reactions between the NO₃ radical and the four reduced organic sulphur compounds. The results of this study, together with those from previous experiments performed in this laboratory on CH₃SCH₃, CH₃SH, and CH₃SSCH₃ lead to the conclusion that all these species, in the reaction with the NO₃ radical, follow a similar degradation mechanism producing SO₂, H₂SO₄, R? SO₃H, R? CHO, and R? CH₂ONO₂, as the main reaction products. The inital step of the reaction of NO₃ with R? S? R and R? S? H type (R = CH₃, CH₂CH₃) reduced organic sulphur compounds was found to be H-atom abstraction, probably after the formation of an initial adduct. For the reaction between NO₃ and R? S? S? R type compounds, evidence for an addition-decomposition reaction, as the initial steps, was obtained. R? S·, R? S(O)·, and R? S(O)₂· appear to be formed as intermediates in all the reactions. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Orbits and invariants of the supergroupGQ n

Scientific Research Institute for Systems Studies, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Funktsional'nyi Analiz i Ego Prilozheniya, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 69–71, January–March, 1992.     

Time of Relaxation to a Stationary Nonequilibrium Distribution of Brownian Particles in a System with a Source and a Sink

We generalize a method for determination of time scales of nonstationary diffusion in a one-dimensional medium. The time of relaxation to a stationary non-equilibrium density of substance in a system with a source, a sink, and an arbitrary potential profile are obtained and studied in detail. A few specific examples are considered.