Adaptation of selected diagnostic techniques to magnetic confinement fusion experiments

The paper concerns several diagnostic techniques, which have been used in pulsed-power plasma experiments, i.e. Plasma-Focus and Z-Pinch devices, and which can be adapted to studies of Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF) facilities, e.g. Stellarators and Tokamaks. The application of Nuclear Track Detectors (NTDs) for time-integrated ion measurements in MCF experiments is described and the use of such detectors for time-resolved ion measurements is discussed. The application of special ?erenkov-type detectors for time resolved measurements of fast runaway electrons is considered. Also discussed is the use of selected nuclear reactions for measurements of fusion products, e.g. fast neutrons.     

Charge qubit rotations in a double-dot nanostructure

Quantum operations with a charge solid-state qubit whose logical states are formed by two spatially separated localized states of an electron in the double-dot structure are studied theoretically. We show that it is possible to perform various one-qubit rotations making use of the microwave pulses tuned to the resonances between the localized states and the excited state delocalized over the nanostructure. An explicit analytic expression for the time-dependent electron state vector is derived, and the appropriate pulse parameters are determined.     

Impurity-induced stabilization of Luttinger liquid in quasi-one-dimensional conductors

It is shown theoretically that the Luttinger liquid can exist in quasi-one-dimensional conductors in the presence of impurities in a form of a collection of bounded Luttinger liquids. The conclusion is based on the observation by Kane and Fisher that a local impurity potential in Luttinger liquid acts, at low energies, as an infinite barrier. This leads to a discrete spectrum of collective charge and spin density fluctuations, so that interchain hopping can be considered as a small parameter at temperatures below the minimum excitation energy of the collective modes. The results are compared with recent experimental observation of a Luttinger-liquid-like behavior in thin NbSe₃ and TaS₃ wires.     

Influence of impurities on the metallization of inert gases at high pressures

It is shown that the introduction of heavy inert gas impurities into the condensed phase of a lighter inert gas can significantly change the kinetic properties of the latter at high pressures. The electronic structure of the ordered Ar₁₅Xe solid solution is calculated. Doping of the condensed phase of a light inert gas with atoms of a heavier inert gas may become a new convenient tool in high-pressure experiments.     

On the possibility of terahertz wave generation upon dense gas optical breakdown

The possibility of applying the physical principles underlying the operation of a solid-state terahertz oscillator to plasma gas-discharge media is analyzed. A new method of electromagnetic wave generation in the terahertz frequency range is proposed. It is based on the excitation of plasma-oscillation current by a static electric field in a laser spark produced by an axicon lens, followed by the radiation of an electromagnetic pulse through the Cherenkov mechanism.     

Elemental composition of nanoclusters formed by pulsed irradiation with low-energy ions during Ge/Si epitaxy

Multilayer silicon structures with built-in layers of Ge nanoclusters were studied experimentally by Raman light scattering. The built-in layers were formed by the pulsed action of a low-energy beam of intrinsic ions during molecular-beam epitaxy. It is found that the ion-stimulated nucleation and the subsequent growth make it possible to obtain Ge nanoclusters almost free of Si.     

Capture of an Ensemble of Microparticles in the Field of Laser Multibeam Interference

Capture of an ensemble of polymeric microspheres in a water suspension under the action of optical gradient forces in the field of interfering laser beams has been investigated for the case of two-, three-, and four-beam interference. The self-diffraction and diffraction of radiation on induced ordered spatial distribution of particles have been obtained.     

Dynamics of Single-Pulse Echo Signals under the Conditions of Zeeman Switching

The signals of a single-pulse echo (SE) generated on nonresonant excitation of an inhomogeneously broadened two-level system by a radio-frequency pulse (RFP), against the background of which a magnetic video pulse (MVP) of certain length has been switched on, have been described analytically. It is established that under the conditions of such excitation several SE signals are formed whose generation moments are determined by the duration and amplitudes of the RFP and MVP. The amplitudes of some of these signals depend on the Rabi frequency according to a quadratic law, and the amplitudes of others depend on this frequency according to a biquadratic law. It has been established that the mechanism underlying the appearance of these signals is associated with zero beats arising as a result of superposition of the magnetization fluctuations at variable frequencies and at a frequency of detuning from resonance. It is shown that in the limiting case, where the RFP duration considerably exceeds the duration of the MVP or is comparable with it, the number of SE signals decreases to two. Theoretical results on the formation of SE and the dependence of the amplitude of these signals on the MVP amplitude agree with the experimental data on NMR pulsed signals in ferromagnetic materials.