Basic hydrolysis of glyceryl nitrate esters. II. 1,2-glyceryl and 1, 3-glyceryl dinitrate esters

Kinetics of the basic hydrolysis of 1,2-glyceryl dinitrate (1,2-DNG) and 1,3-glyceryl dinitrate (1,3-DNG) esters were investigated in CO₂-free aqueous calcium hydroxide solutions. The hydrolysis reactions were carried out in a temperature controlled reactor vessel with provision for continuous N₂ sparging of the reaction mixture. Both glyceryl dinitrate esters hydrolyzed via second-order reaction at 25°C. 1,2-DNG in basic solutions isomerized to 1,3-DNG which subsequently hydrolyzed to yield products. The main hydrolysis product of 1,3-DNG was identified as glycidyl nitrate. Other products formed during the basic hydrolysis of DNGs were nitrites and nitrates.     

A vicarious aromatic substitution approach to aklavinone from chrysazin

The cheap, available dye-intermediate 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (2) is converted efficiently to a useful aklavinone precursor (3). A Mitsunobu alkylation-Claisen rearrangement sequence and an unprecedented vicarious aromatic substitution on an anthraquinone are employed as key steps.     

The structures of lithium inserted metal oxides: Li2FeV3O8

Neutron diffraction powder profile analysis has been used to determine the structure of Li₂FeV₃O₈. The compound is prepared from FeV₃O₈, which has the VO₂(B) structure type, by a lithium insertion reaction employing n-BuLi. Only minimal distortion of the host lattice occurs on Li insertion. The Li ions occupy five coordinate square pyramidal sites with an average LiO bond distance of 2.04 Å. These five coordinate sites occur commonly in the capped perovskite cavities of crystallographic shear structures based on ReO₃.     

Reply to comments on “laser excitation of surface electronic states for a one-dimensional semiconductor” by G.W. Bryant

A semiconductor modeled by a finite one-dimensional chain is shown to have either a continuous or discrete number of surface states. The exact number is determined by the choice of phase factors. Laser-induced charge transfer of electrons from the bulk to these surface states is also shown to be a maximum at the band edge.     

A note on supersymmetry breaking in 1+1 dimensions

The spontaneous breakdown of supersymmetry for a single chiral superfield in 1+1 dimensions is investigated and a number of puzzling features are resolved by noting that the loop expansion is not always valid. It is found that both broken and unbroken supersymmetry are stable with respect to radiative corrections.