Eugenol: a natural compound with versatile pharmacological actions

Eugenol, the major constituent of clove oil, has been widely used for its anesthetic and analgesic action in dentistry. Eugenol exhibits pharmacological effects on almost all systems and our aim is to review the research work that has identified these pharmacological actions. Eugenol possesses significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular properties, in addition to analgesic and local anesthetic activity. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the compound in humans have been studied. Eugenol has also been used as a penetration enhancer. The compound is a very promising candidate for versatile applications, and the design of new drugs based on the pharmacological effects of eugenol could be beneficial.     

Influence of gamma radiation on the colour strength and fastness properties of fabric using turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) as natural dye

The effect of gamma radiation on the dyeing of cotton with extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder has been investigated. Cotton fabric and turmeric powder were irradiated to absorbed doses of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator. Dyeing parameters such as temperature, pH and mordant concentration were optimized. Dyeing was performed using un-irradiated and irradiated cotton with the extracts of un-irradiated and irradiated turmeric powder in order to investigate the effect of radiation treatment on the colour strength of dyed fabric. The reported data of un-irradiated and irradiated fabrics dyed with un-irradiated and irradiated dyes were obtained using the spectraflash SF-650. The colourfastness to light, rubbing- and washing-fastness properties showed that gamma irradiation has improved the dyeing characteristics from fair to good.     

Scheme for the teleportation of bipartite entangled state of the two cavity modes

In this paper, we propose a scheme for the teleportation of general two-partite entangled state of zero and one photon state from one bimodal cavity to another. The scheme can be realized by using cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED).     

Surface morphologic and structural analysis of IR irradiated silver

The microstructural morphological changes in laser irradiated targets are investigated. Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, ∼12 ns nominal, 1.1 MW) is used to irradiate 4 N pure (99.99%) fine polished and annealed silver samples in ambient air and under vacuum ∼10⁻⁶ Torr. The laser spot size and power density at tight focus are 12 μm and 3×10¹¹ W/cm², respectively. SEM micrographs and X-ray diffractograms of the exposed and unexposed targets reveal the surface texture and structural changes, respectively. Amongst the ablation mechanisms involved, exfoliation and hydrodynamic sputtering are found to be dominant. Surface modifications appear in the form of craters and ripples formation. Heat is conducted non-uniformly through narrow channels at the surface. Thermal stresses induced by the laser do not disturb inter planar distance of the target. On the other hand irradiation causes significant variations in grain size and diffracted X-rays intensities.     

Modified form of binary and ternary 3-point subdivision schemes

Binary 3-point scheme, developed by Hormann and Sabin [Hormann, K. and Sabin, Malcolm A., 2008, A family of subdivision schemes with cubic precision, Computer Aided Geometric Design, 25, 41-52], has been modified by introducing a tension parameter which generates a family of C¹ limiting curves for certain range of tension parameter. Ternary 3-point scheme, introduced by Siddiqi and Rehan [Siddiqi, Shahid S. and Rehan, K., 2009, A ternary three point scheme for curve designing, International Journal of Computer Mathematics, In Press, DOI: 10.1080/00207160802428220], has also been modified by introducing a tension parameter which generates family of C¹ and C² limiting curves for certain range of tension parameter. Laurent polynomial method is used to investigate the continuity of the subdivision schemes. The performance of modified schemes has been demonstrated by considering different examples along with its comparison with the established subdivision schemes.     

An asymmetrical periodic vortical structures and appearance of the self induced pressure gradient in the modified Taylor flow

An incompressible liquid flow in the gap between two coaxial cylinders, such that the inner rotating (wavy) cylinder has a periodically varying radius along the axial direction while the outer stationary cylinder has a constant radius, is studied experimentally and theoretically. Basic attention is focused on the symmetry-breaking phenomenon of the vortex flow arising from the rotation of the inner wavy cylinder. It is found that the symmetry-breaking phenomenon of the vortical flow structures in this geometry is accompanied by the occurrence of a self-induced axial pressure gradient. A theoretical formulation of the problem of periodic vortical flow prevailing in such a geometry having large axial length is presented. The comparison between the computed and the experimental results is presented and the underlying phenomena are discussed.     

Synthesis,characterization and biological activities of organotin(IV) complexes with l-lysine monohydrate

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The new organotin(IV) complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of l-lysine monohydrate with CS2 and R2SnCl2/R3SnCl. The organotin(IV) complexes and the...     

Diorganotin(IV) Complexes with Monohydrate Disodium Salt of Iminodiacetic Acid: Synthesis,Characterization, Crystal Structure and Biological Activities

Diorganotin(IV) derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of R₂SnL₂ (R=n‐Bu 1 , Ph 2 ) with monohydrate disodium salt of iminodiacetic acid ( Na₂L ) in 1 : 1 M/L ratio under reflux conditions. The compounds have been characterized by FT‐IR, NMR (¹H and ¹³C) spectoscopy, electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and single crystal XRD. FTIR data indicates a mono‐dentate binding mode of the carboxylic acid group as well as participation of the amino nitrogen and aqua oxygen in coordination with organotin(IV) moieties. NMR data demonstrates a tetra‐coordinated environment around tin(IV) in solution. Mass spectrometric and thermogravimetric analyses verify the close similarities between the molecular structures of both complexes. The thermal stability of diphenyltin(IV) derivative ( 2 ) was found slightly higher than that of the free ligand ( Na₂L ). Single crystal X‐ray analysis of the complex 1 have shown a hexa‐coordinated geometry around Sn(IV) with trans configuration. There are evidences for the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the structure of the complexes. The products displayed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities in contrast to the biologically inactive ligand precursor. However, the hemolytic cytoxicity of the complexes was comparatively high than the free ligand.     

Highly stable cooperative distortion in a weak Jahn-Teller d2 cation: perovskite-type ScVO3 obtained by high-pressure and high-temperature transformation from bixbyite

A novel ScVO(3) perovskite phase has been synthesized at 8 GPa and 1073 K from the cation-disordered bixbyite-type ScVO(3). The new perovskite has orthorhombic symmetry at room temperature, space group Pnma, and lattice parameters a = 5.4006(2) ?, b = 7.5011(2) ?, and c = 5.0706(1) ? with Sc(3+) and V(3+) ions fully ordered on the A and B sites of the perovskite cell. The vanadium oxygen octahedra [V-O(6)] display cooperative Jahn-Teller (JT) type distortions, with predominance of the tetragonal Q(3) over the orthorhombic Q(2) JT modes. The orthorhombic perovskite shows Arrhenius-type electrical conductivity and undergoes a transition to triclinic symmetry space group P-1 close to 90 K. Below 60 K, the magnetic moments of the 4 nonequivalent vanadium ions undergo magnetic long-range ordering, resulting in a magnetic superstructure of the perovskite cell with propagation vector (0.5, 0, 0.5). The magnetic moments are confined to the xz plane and establish a close to zigzag antiferromagnetic mode.     

Simultaneous determination of perfluoroalkyl phosphonates, carboxylates, and sulfonates in drinking water

A trace analytical method based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneous determination of perfluoroalkyl phosphonates (PFPAs, carbon chain lengths C6,8,10), perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs, C5-12), and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs, C4,6,8,10) in drinking water (tap water). Analytes were enriched on a mixed mode co-polymeric sorbent (C8+quaternary amine) using solid phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax Extend C18 reversed phase column using a mobile phase gradient consisting of water, methanol, and acetonitrile containing 2mM ammonium acetate and 5 mM 1-methyl piperidine. The mass spectrometer was operated in electrospray negative ion mode. Use of 1-methyl piperidine in the mobile phase resulted in a significant increase in instrument sensitivity for PFPAs through improved chromatographic resolution, background suppression, and increased ionization efficiency. Method detection limits for extraction of 500 mL tap water were in the ranges of 0.095-0.17 ng/L, 0.027-0.17 ng/L, and 0.014-0.052 ng/L for PFPAs, PFCAs, and PFSAs, respectively. Whole method recoveries at a spiking level of 0.5 ng/L to 500 mL HPLC grade water were 40-56%, 56-97%, and 55-77% for PFPAs, PFCAs, and PFSAs, respectively. A matrix effect (signal enhancement) was observed in the detection of PFPAs in tap water extracts, leading to calculated recoveries of 249-297% at a 0.5 ng/L spiking level. This effect resulted in an additional improvement of method sensitivity for PFPAs. To compensate for the matrix effect, PFPAs in tap water were quantified using matrix-matched and extracted calibration standards. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of drinking water collected from six European countries. PFPAs were not detected except for perfluorooctyl phosphonate (PFOPA) at close to the detection limit of 0.095 ng/L in two water samples from Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Highest levels were found for perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS, 18.8 ng/L) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, 8.6 ng/L) in samples from Amsterdam as well as for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 8.8 ng/L) in tap water from Stockholm, Sweden.