全文获取类型
收费全文 | 861篇 |
免费 | 39篇 |
国内免费 | 24篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 514篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 11篇 |
数学 | 153篇 |
物理学 | 235篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 26篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 33篇 |
2013年 | 58篇 |
2012年 | 53篇 |
2011年 | 50篇 |
2010年 | 39篇 |
2009年 | 30篇 |
2008年 | 48篇 |
2007年 | 40篇 |
2006年 | 46篇 |
2005年 | 39篇 |
2004年 | 39篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1948年 | 3篇 |
1927年 | 1篇 |
1925年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有924条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
M. S. Batista M. A. Morales E. Baggio-Saitovich E. A. Urquieta-González 《Hyperfine Interactions》2001,134(1):161-166
The Fe species present in Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by ionic exchange in aqueous solution or in the solid state are investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD, EPR, Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MOS-S) and chemical analysis. XRD showed that the peak intensity decreased with the increase in Fe content in the samples. EPR and MOS-S showed that the Fe atoms in all the activated samples appear as Fe+3, independently of the method used in the catalyst preparation. The MOS-S data also showed that Fe/ZSM-5, prepared by ion exchange in the solid state presented lower hematite content and more Fe species in charge-compensation sites, the responsible for the catalytic activity, as confirmed by the behavior in the propane oxidation. 相似文献
72.
Jorge Antonio Guerrero‐Álvarez Wendy Paloma Mas‐Ku Cesar Garcías‐Morales Armando Ariza‐Castolo 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2010,48(5):356-361
The relative acidities of the cis and trans isomers of a series of 1,5‐oxazaspiro[5.5]undecane derivatives were determined by measuring ΔpK in acid‐base titrations followed by 1 H NMR. Relative structural stabilities were determined by measuring substituent chemical shift and γ‐gauche effects in 13C, 15N, and 17O NMR. Crystallographic characterization of a model spiro[5.5]undecane is presented to support the basicity in solid state. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
73.
T. Martínez F. Aguilar J. Lartigue M. Navarrete L. A. Cuapio C. López O. Y. Morales 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,278(2):365-370
Due to large consumption of tobacco in Mexico and in order to complement previous work performed by total reflection X-ray
fluorescence, the present study has determined 15 elements by INAA in 9 cigarettes brands being marketed in Mexico. As a part
of a Quality Control Program, NIST standard reference materials (SRM) and an IAEA reference material were analyzed to confirm
the accuracy and reproducibility. Average of As and Cd were 0.56 and 1.15 μg·g−1, respectively, in the range of those of foreign brands. 相似文献
74.
Maria BURGOS ;E Amin KAIDI ;Antonio Morales CAMPOY ;Antonio M. PERALTA ;Maribel RAMIREZ 《数学学报(英文版)》2008,24(2):185-200
We revise the notion of von Neumann regularity in JB^*-triples by finding a new characterisation in terms of the range of the quadratic operator Q(a). We introduce the quadratic conorm of an element a in a JB^*-triple as the minimum reduced modulus of the mapping Q(a). It is shown that the quadratic conorm of a coincides with the infimum of the squares of the points in the triple spectrum of a. It is established that a contractive bijection between JBW^*-triples is a triple isomorphism if, and only if, it preserves quadratic conorms. The continuity of the quadratic conorm and the generalized inverse are discussed. Some applications to C^*-algebras and von Neumann algebras are also studied. 相似文献
75.
C. Aguilar‐Lugo R. Le Lagadec Alexander D. Ryabov G. Cedillo Valverde S. Lopez Morales L. Alexandrova 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(15):3814-3828
Cationic substitutionally inert cyclometalated ruthenium (II) and osmium (II) complexes, ([Mt(o‐C6H4‐2‐py)(LL)2]PF6), where LL‐1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy), were used for radical polymerization of styrene. Gradual modification of the complexes within the series allowed comparison of the catalytic activity and the redox properties. There was no correlation between the reducing powers of the complexes and their catalytic activities. The osmium compound of the lowest reduction potential was not active. All the ruthenium complexes catalyzed the polymerization of styrene in a controlled manner; but the level of control and the catalytic activity were different under the same polymerization conditions. [Ru(o‐C6H4‐2‐py)(phen)2]PF6 demonstrated the best catalytic performance though its redox potential was the highest. It catalyzed the “living” polymerization with a reasonable rate at a catalyst‐to‐initiator ratio of 0.1. 1 equiv. of Al(OiPr)3 accelerated the polymerization and improved the control, but higher amount of Al(OiPr)3 did not speed up the polymerization and moved the process into the uncontrollable regime. Under the most optimal conditions, the controlled polymerization occurs fast without any additive and the catalyst degradation. Added free ligands inhibited the polymerization suggesting that the catalytically active ruthenium intermediates are generated via the reversible dechelation of bidentate phen or bipy ligands. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3814–3828, 2009 相似文献
76.
Serxio I. Arias-Barros Antonio Cid Luis García-Río Juan C. Mejuto Jorge Morales 《Colloid and polymer science》2010,288(2):217-221
The influence of different polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the percolation of the ternary system composed by sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)
sulfosuccinate (AOT) + isooctane + water has been studied. The additives used were chosen on the basis of its chain length
(the number of polymeric units). In all cases, we observed a decrease in the percolation threshold on increasing the amount
of PEG added to the AOT microemulsions. We observed a correlation between the effect exerted by the additive upon the percolation
temperature and its chain length. Moreover, a relationship between the percolation temperature and the additive partition
coefficient between 1-octanol and water (logP) was found. Both of them proved the importance of the inclusion of the additives into the microemulsion interface to explain
their influence upon the percolative phenomenon. Such inclusion modified the properties of the AOT film, facilitating the
exchange of matter between droplets. 相似文献
77.
Selinsky RS Han JH Morales Pérez EA Guzei IA Jin S 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2010,132(45):15997-16005
EuS nanocrystals (NCs) were doped with Gd resulting in an enhancement of their magnetic properties. New EuS and GdS single source precursors (SSPs) were synthesized, characterized, and employed to synthesize Eu(1-x)Gd(x)S NCs by decomposition in oleylamine and trioctylphosphine at 290 °C. The doped NCs were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy, which support the uniform distribution of Gd dopants through electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed the dopant ions in Eu(1-x)Gd(x)S NCs to be predominantly Gd(3+). NCs with a variety of doping ratios of Gd (0 ≤ x < 1) were systematically studied using vibrating sample magnetometry and the observed magnetic properties were correlated with the Gd doping levels (x) as quantified with ICP-AES. Enhancement of the Curie temperature (T(C)) was observed for samples with low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 10%) with a maximum T(C) of 29.4 K observed for NCs containing 5.3% Gd. Overall, the observed T(C), Weiss temperature (θ), and hysteretic behavior correspond directly to the doping level in Eu(1-x)Gd(x)S NCs and the trends qualitatively follow those previously reported for bulk and thin film samples. 相似文献
78.
A pneumatic suspension that can adapt itself to the incoming vibration is presented in this paper. A switching control strategy between two different configurations is proposed and studied. The objective is to avoid undesirable resonant frequencies. The control procedure is based on the pre-knowledge of the incoming vibration frequency, and when this frequency is unknown, a very efficient prediction technique is used. The results show that the adaptable suspension has improved performance as compared to any of its passive counterparts. The transient response when switching typically takes less than three cycles and does not hinder the suspension performance. 相似文献
79.
Arik M Aune S Barth K Belov A Borghi S Bräuninger H Cantatore G Carmona JM Cetin SA Collar JI Dafni T Davenport M Eleftheriadis C Elias N Ezer C Fanourakis G Ferrer-Ribas E Friedrich P Galán J García JA Gardikiotis A Gazis EN Geralis T Giomataris I Gninenko S Gómez H Gruber E Guthörl T Hartmann R Haug F Hasinoff MD Hoffmann DH Iguaz FJ Irastorza IG Jacoby J Jakovčić K Karuza M Königsmann K Kotthaus R Krčmar M Kuster M Lakić B Laurent JM Liolios A Ljubičić A Lozza V Lutz G Luzón G Morales J 《Physical review letters》2011,107(26):261302
The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has extended its search for solar axions by using (3)He as a buffer gas. At T=1.8 K this allows for larger pressure settings and hence sensitivity to higher axion masses than our previous measurements with (4)He. With about 1 h of data taking at each of 252 different pressure settings we have scanned the axion mass range 0.39 eV?m(a)?0.64 eV. From the absence of excess x rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of g(aγ)?2.3×10(-10) GeV(-1) at 95% C.L., the exact value depending on the pressure setting. Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axions are excluded at the upper end of our mass range, the first time ever for any solar axion search. In the future we will extend our search to m(a)?1.15 eV, comfortably overlapping with cosmological hot dark matter bounds. 相似文献
80.
Morales JA Walsh JE 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2005,61(9):2073-2079
A miniaturised fibre-optic spectrometer based system is presented for direct detection of one of the major atmospheric pollutants, nitrogen dioxide, by absorption spectroscopy using the ambient sunlight as light source. The detection system consists of a 10 cm collimator assembly, a fibre-optic cable and a portable diode-array spectrometer. The absorbance spectrum of the open-path is calculated using a reference spectrum recorded when the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in the atmosphere is low. The relative concentration of the pollutant is calculated normalising the detected spectra and subtracting the background broadband spectrum from the specific NO2 absorbance features, since the broadband spectrum changes according to atmospheric conditions and solar intensity. Wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm are used in order to maximise sensitivity and to avoid interference from other species. Calibration is carried out using Tedlar sample bags of known concentration of the pollutant. A commercial differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system is used as a reference standard detection system to compare the results with the new system. Results show that detection of NO2 at typical urban atmospheric levels has been achieved using an inexpensive field based fibre-optic spectrometer and a readily available, easy to align, light source. In addition the new system can be used to get a semi-quantitative estimation of the nitrogen dioxide concentration within errors of 20%. While keeping the typical benefits of open-path techniques, the new system has important advantages over them such as cost, simplicity and portability. 相似文献