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151.
Performance of two monoclonal immunoassays in mixtures of cross-reacting dithiophosphorus pesticides
A statistical approach for the analysis of complex samples by immunoassay is proposed in this article. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), one of them in the conjugate-coated format and the other in the antibody-coated format, were evaluated for their suitability to the analysis of mixtures of three organodithiophosphorus pesticides: azinphos-methyl, azinphos-ethyl and phosmet. It was found that the apparent affinity of the antibody to each analyte changed in the presence of a cross-reacting compound in the antibody-coated ELISA format, but not when the conjugate-coated ELISA format was used. The assays were thereafter applied to the analysis of mixtures of the three recognized pesticides. With the conjugate-coated ELISA format, accurate and precise determinations of mixtures could be performed if an azinphos-methyl standard curve was employed, with recoveries between 71% and 130% and with coefficients of variation lower than 12.7%. Neither accurate nor precise measurements could be accomplished with the enzyme immunoassay using the antibody-coated ELISA format, independently of the standard curve used. It is thought that the study presented here will have applicability in a variety of cases where the analytical goal is semiquantitative screening based on the total quantity of an unknown mixture of related compounds. 相似文献
152.
Rojas J López A Gamboa Y González C Montoya F 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2011,59(5):603-607
Microcrystalline cellulose I (MCCI) is an excipient used as a diluent, disintegrant, glidant and binder for the production of pharmaceutical tablets. In this work, microcrystalline cellulose II (MCCII) was obtained from cotton fibers by basic treatment with 7.5 N NaOH followed by an acid hydrolysis. MCCI and MCCII materials were processed by wet granulation, dry granulation and spray drying. Either the polymorphic form or processing had no effects on the particle morphology or particle size. However, MCCII powders had a higher porosity, less packing tendency, degree of crystallinity, degree of polymerization and density, but a faster disintegration than MCCI. The tensile strength of MCCI was highly affected by the wet and dry granulation processes. Most of the resulting powder and tableting properties were dependent on the polymorphic form of cellulose, rather than on the processing employed. 相似文献
153.
L. Tandon E. Hastings J. Banar J. Barnes D. Beddingfield D. Decker J. Dyke D. Farr J. FitzPatrick D. Gallimore S. Garner R. Gritzo T. Hahn G. Havrilla B. Johnson K. Kuhn S. LaMont D. Langner C. Lewis V. Majidi P. Martinez R. McCabe S. Mecklenburg D. Mercer S. Meyers V. Montoya B. Patterson R. A. Pereyra D. Porterfield J. Poths D. Rademacher C. Ruggiero D. Schwartz M. Scott K. Spencer R. Steiner R. Villarreal H. Volz L. Walker A. Wong C. Worley 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,276(2):467-473
The goal of nuclear forensics is to establish an unambiguous link between illicitly trafficked nuclear material and its origin.
The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Nuclear Materials Signatures Program has implemented a graded “conduct of operations”
type analysis flow path approach for determining the key nuclear, chemical, and physical signatures needed to identify the
manufacturing process, intended use, and origin of interdicted nuclear material. This analysis flow path includes both destructive
and non-destructive characterization techniques and has been exercized against different nuclear materials from LANL’s special
nuclear materials archive. Results obtained from the case study will be presented to highlight analytical techniques that
offer the critical attribution information. 相似文献
154.
Callone AI Carignan M Montoya NG Carreto JI 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2006,84(3):204-212
Changes in mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) induced by the increase of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were studied in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. Cultures of A. tamarense were maintained at exponential growth under low (25 micromol quanta m(-2)s(-1)) PAR irradiance. The cultures were nutrient enriched and one day later exposed to higher irradiance (150 micromol quanta m(-2)s(-1)). The content of MAAs was determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Eleven MAAs, including some partially characterized compounds, were identified. The MAAs synthesis induction can be described as a two-stage process. The first one involves the net synthesis of the MAAs bi-substituted by amino acids. In the second stage these compounds were transformed into other secondary MAAs. The two most prominent changes were observed in the concentration of porphyra-334 and palythene. The cellular concentration of porphyra-334 increased during the first 2h of exposure to higher irradiance and then decreased rapidly. In contrast, the cellular concentration of palythene showed a continuous accumulation since the beginning of the exposure. In A. tamarense the main route of MAAs transformation has porphyra-334 as a precursor of a sequential conversion resulting in the accumulation of palythene. 相似文献