SL2-modules of small homological dimension

Let V _n be the SL₂-module of binary forms of degree n and let V = V_n1 ???V_np V = {V_{{n_1}}} \oplus \cdots \oplus {V_{{n_p}}} . We consider the algebra R = O(V)^{\textS\textL₂} R = \mathcal{O}{(V)^{{\text{S}}{{\text{L}}_2}}} of polynomial functions on V invariant under the action of SL₂. The measure of the intricacy of these algebras is the length of their chains of syzygies, called homological dimension hd R. Popov gave in 1983 a classification of the cases in which hd R ≤ 10 for a single binary form (p = 1) or hd R ≤ 3 for a system of two or more binary forms (p > 1). We extend Popov’s result and determine for p = 1 the cases with hd R ≤ 100, and for p > 1 those with hd R ≤ 15. In these cases we give a set of homogeneous parameters and a set of generators for the algebra R.     

Synthesis of trifunctional somatostatin based derivatives for improved cellular and subcellular uptake

It is now well established that the biological effects of Auger-emitting radionuclides are critically dependent on their subcellular location. Therefore, for their use in molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy, attempts should be made to increase the nuclear specificity of the carriers. In the present paper the synthesis of novel trifunctional somatostatin derivatives containing a nuclear localization motif is described. These derivatives of [DOTA⁰, Tyr³]-octreotide (DOTATOC, DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) were obtained in high yields using Fmoc peptide synthesis in solid and in solution phase.     

阻抗障碍物声散射的反问题

研究了从声散射场的远场分布的信息来再现声阻抗障碍物形状的反问题,建立了求解这类反问题的一种非线性最优化模型,并提出了数值实现该非线性最优化模型的一种两步调整迭代算法.两步过程的应用使在确定未知障碍物形状的非线性最优化步中未知函数的个数达到了最少,而在调整迭代过程中,通过利用前一迭代步所得重构信息,使重构精度得到了相当大的改进.所建立的反演算法的一个特别吸引人的性质是,只需要远场分布的一个Fourier系数即可对未知声阻抗障碍物作几何物形的设别.对大量具有各种几何形状的二维障碍物的数值算例保证了本算法是实用和有效的.     

Planarity relations for the sextic centrifugal distortion constants of triangular triatomic molecules

Four linearly independent linear combinations of the ten sextic centrifugal distortion coefficients of triangular triatomic molecules are presented. These combinations are formed in such a way that the resulting expressions depend only on the equilibrium geometry and the harmonic force field parameters of the molecule, quantities which are ordinarily known to considerably better precision than the sextic constants. The relations obtained thus constitute a set of planarity constraints on the ten sextic coefficients which arise in connection with the Nielsen-Amat expansion of the Darling-Dennison Hamiltonian. The planarity expressions can be utilized to effect a reduction of the sextic portion of the Hamiltonian.     

Electronic spectroscopy of the A1A' <-- X1A' system of CDF

To further investigate the Renner-Teller (RT) effect and barriers to linearity and dissociation in the simplest singlet carbene, we recorded fluorescence excitation spectra of bands involving the pure bending levels 2(n)(0) with n = 0-9 and the combination states 1(1)(0)2(n)(0) with n = 1-8 and 2(n)(0)3(1)(0) with n = 0-5 in the A(1)A'<-- X(1)A' system of CDF, in addition to some weak hot bands. The spectra were measured under jet-cooled conditions using a pulsed discharge source, and rotationally analyzed to yield precise values for the band origins and rotational constants; fluorescence lifetimes were also measured to probe for lifetime lengthening effects due to the RT interaction. The derived A state parameters are compared with previous results for CHF and with predictions of ab initio electronic structure theory. The approach to linearity in the A state is evidenced in a sharp increase in the A rotational constant with bending excitation, and a minimum in the vibrational intervals near 2(9). A fit of the vibrational intervals for the pure bending levels yields an A state barrier to linearity in good agreement both with that previously derived for CHF and ab initio predictions. From the spectra and lifetime measurements, the onset of extensive RT perturbations is found to occur at a higher energy than in CHF, consistent with the smaller A constant.     

Integrated microfluidic devices with enhanced separation performance: application to phosphoproteome analyses of differentiated cell model systems

This work reports on the application of a microfluidic device integrating nanoscale LC to nanoelectrospray MS (nano-LC-chip-MS) for the analysis of complex protein digests. Peak profile analyses of more than 700 peptide ions, reproducibly detected across replicate nano-LC-chip-MS runs (n = 5), indicated that the system provided RSD values of 0.24% on retention time, +/- 30 ppm on m/z measurement and +/- 30% variation on intensity over three orders of magnitude. RP adsorbant media with different alkyl chains and particle size packed in both trapping and separation channels were investigated to improve the chromatographic performance of this system. A two-fold improvement in chromatographic peak capacity was achieved using microfluidic devices comprising a 5 mircrom C3 trap with 2.5 microm C18 trap separation channel compared to the traditional 5 microm C18 stationary phase. Enhanced sample selectivity for the identification of phosphopeptides was obtained by combining immobilized metal affinity media prior to peptide separation on the RP microfluidic device. This system was evaluated in the context of differential phosphoproteome analyses to identify changes in signaling events and protein expression of human monocytes following the administration of phorbol ester.     

Vortex-creep activation energy in YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

YBa₂Cu₃O₇/PrBa₂Cu₃O₇ (YBCO/PBCO) superlattices with a different ratio of the superconducting and insulating layer thicknesses were prepared by high pressure dc sputtering. The vortex-creep activation energy U₀ was determined by analyzing the in-plane resistive transition of 200 μm wide bridges with the external magnetic field B oriented along the c axis. It was found that U₀ is proportional to the thickness of the YBCO layers, and does only weakly depend on the PBCO layer thickness, when the latter exceeds two unit cells. We observed a change in the variation of U₀ with the current I in the specimen: U₀ exhibits a plateau in the low-I region, then decreases significantly with increasing I. This behaviour is explained in terms of a crossover plastic vortex creep – elastic (collective) creep induced by the transport current.     

Molecular Properties and Aggregation of Porphyrin-modified Polysiloxane in Solutions

Molecular properties and aggregation behavior of a polysiloxane with grafted side chain groups consisting of asymmetrical hydroxy-functionalized porphyrin were studied in dilute solutions. In order to understand the mechanism of aggregation of the polymeric porphyrin derivatives, several analyses of chloroform solutions were performed permitting comparison of the data obtained by means of different techniques. Molar mass and hydrodynamic size of the macromolecules were obtained using the methods of analytical ultracentrifugation, isothermal translational diffusion, and viscometry. Long distance interactions between macromolecules in dilute solutions were detected with static light scattering. With increasing the concentration of the solutions, the electronic and fluorescence spectra bands assigned to generation of H and J aggregates became apparent. The organization of aggregates, which seemed to be favored by chloroform, was visualized by atomic force microscopy images that displayed sponge-like morphology, small triangular particles, characteristic of H aggregates, and nano or micro-structured ring geometries obtained by the side-by-side J-process, coexisting together.     

Hyperspectral Imaging in the Medical Field: Present and Future

Abstract

Hyperspectral imaging is an optical method that provides a large amount of information about the investigated object. Its medical applications are reviewed in this article, including tumor delimitation and identification, assessing tissue perfusion and its pathological conditions (including some complications like diabetic foot ulceration), making accurate surgical decisions, evaluating the health of dental structures, etc. Many of the articles show very promising results that required brief comments by the authors. It is clear that choosing the appropriate hyperspectral imaging system for each medical field, together with the most reliable hyperspectral image processing methods, are the main goals of future studies, before hyperspectral imaging becomes a widely applicable evaluation method in medicine. The authors try to answer some questions on this topic and set up some directions for future research.     

Modifications Induced by UV-Vis Irradiation on DNA Extract of Kiwifruit Investigated by Spectroscopic and Statistic Methods

ABSTRACT

Revealing molecular alterations induced on kiwifruit under UV-Vis irradiation requires a discussion of biochemical-cell infrared (IR) fingerprint (900 cm^?1–1800 cm^?1) bands characteristic of nucleic acids. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and statistics and nondestructive methods for screening exposure effects induced by irradiation were used. There the irradiation influence on the main molecular bonds (i.e., ν(C-C), ν_s(PO₂?) and ν_as(PO₂?)) can be observed. Regression methods were used for statistical investigations. Two categories of variables were used: the absorbance measured at fixed wavenumber variables and the exposure dose. The bivariate correlations, partial correlations, and polynomial regression methods from SPSS were used for statistical investigations. The obtained results show that FTIR-ATR, in correlation with statistics techniques, might be useful to assess immediate radiation and oxidative-induced damage to nucleic acids. In this case IR spectroscopy can be used successfully to study conformational changes during DNA reversible denaturation especially on the sugar-phosphate vibrations domain.